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通过数据的收集和分析，作者发现所有候选人辩论时都较多地使用了预设和隐喻的语言策略，因为这两种语用策略可使其语言更加简洁、隐蔽、有说服力。本文进一步探讨了美国电视总统辩论中预设及隐喻的认知理解过程。这一过程遵循“明示一推理”模式，其中涉及二项任务:显义的识别、语境假设的建、隐含意义的还原。
Chapter One-Introduction
1.1 Definition of Debate
    Debate, in its simplest form, means to take part in a formal discussion or a contest in which opposing sides of a question are argued. It is a process involving impact of statements, argumentations, discussions and criticism. According to Wikipedia, it is a formal method of interactive and representational argument.
    In ancient China, debate is explained as“说”，which means persuasion. It was written in "Mo-tse" that“辩，争彼也，辩胜，当也。”，telling us that debate in its meaning is discussing with each other, with the rational side winning. Sun Zi said that: “辩说也者，心之象道也。”.In his point, debate includes discussing and persuading stage: in the discussing stage, people argue about an idea or various aspects of a subject; while in the persuading stage, people emphasize their ideas with positive statement and argumentation.
    In the same period, debate is explained as dialectics in ancient Greece. Plato defined debate in his symposium as a universe art that wins over populations with evidences. It does not only include debates on the court, but also the informal ones in personal conversations.
    There are two elements in debate: topic and debaters. Topic is the theme of debate; and debaters are the participators, which can be divided into supporting and opposing sides. Therefore, debate is a verbal communication in a form that debaters refute the other side's point, while establishing and strengthening their own view.
    In a formal debate, when debaters discuss and decide on differences, there are rules within a framework, which define how they will interact with each other. While in an informal debate, debaters' knowledge and skill quality decide the depth of the debates.
As stated previously, debate has various functions and great historic significance. First of all, it is an important approach for people to exchange ideas, search for truth and discard fallacies. Second, it is a common way to think, feel, and sympathize with each other. Third, it is an effective weapon to protect our reputation. Fourth, it accelerates the comprehension and reflection of the reputation and dignity. subjective and objective worlds. Last but not least, the flourish of debate improves the social civilization.

Bibliography
Aristotle, Rhetoric and Poetics [M] .New York: The Modern Library, 1958.
Friedenberg, Rhetorical Studies of National Political Debates 1960-1992 [M], New York: Fraeger, 1990.
Gazdar, Gerald. Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form [M]. New York: https://www.51lunwen.org/usa/ Academic Press, 1979.
Goatly, A. The Language of Metaphor [J]. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Grice. P.H. Logic and Conversation [J]. Syntax and Semantics Vo1.3: Speech Acts. London: Aeademie Press, 1975.
Gutt, E.A. Translation and Relevance: Cognition and Context [M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Fress, 2004.
Kertzer, David. Ritual, Politics and Power [J]. New Haven: Yale University Fress, 1987.

中文摘要 4-6
ABSTRACT 6-7
Chapter One—Introduction 10-17
    1.1 Definition of Debate 10-11
    1.2 Forms of Debate 11-13
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