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摘要：McCarthy says that if someone programs a computer to do something no computer has ever done before or writes a paper pointing out that the computer did it the paper is not giving any direction to the identification and study of the intellectual mechanism and often contains coherent accounts of how programs work.

Brain Cell Computer

Introduction:

These days it is widely understood that our thinking ability comes from the biological and psychological processes of the brain. These processes involve billions of brain cells working together with years of learning and experience to recognize patterns in the information carried into the brain from the senses. Before the discovery of evolution, most people believed that our thinking ability was a mystical experience that was somehow separate from the material world. Our souls were thought to be made of a heavenly essence.

In the human brain each nerve cell works like a tiny chemical computer. Modern computer processor’s can process information millions of times faster than a single brain cell, but because a microprocessor can only process a single stream of information at a time, computers need to become another million times more powerful before they are able to recognize patterns as effectively as the billions of cells in the human brain can.

The power of computers is rapidly increasing, and with new technologies like three dimensional chips, parallel processing, and photon computing, thinking computers are probably only decades away from becoming a reality. Unlike human brains, computers are precise in their calculations, and their memory does not fade over time.

Many people say that machines will only ever be tools for humans to use and believe that computers will never be able to think like humans. People who argue against the possibility of thinking computers are usually those who do not have a strong understanding of science and technology or those who claim that human intelligence requires some kind of heavenly essence.

Denial of the possibility of machine intelligence will not prevent it from happening. The desire for military superiority and higher profits will ensure that this technology will be ongoing and developed.

In this paper I am going to explain history and evolution of AI, different type of competitions in AI and also the role of them. I am also going to explain the general review of AI.

History and Evolution of AI:

Computers provided the technology necessary for AI, but it was not until the early 1950's that the link between human intelligence and machines was really observed.

In late 1955, Newell and Simon developed The Logic Theorist, considered by many to be the first AI program. The program represented each problem as a tree model which would attempt to solve problems by selecting the branch that would most likely result in the correct conclusion. The impact that the logic theorist made on both the public and the field of AI has made it a crucial stepping stone in developing the AI field.

John McCarthy considered to be the father of AI, organized a conference in 1956, to draw the talent and expertise of others interested in machine intelligence for a month of brainstorming. McCarthy invited them to Vermont for "The Dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence." Because of McCarthy, the field would be known as Artificial intelligence from then on. Although not a huge success, the Dartmouth conference did bring together the founders in AI, and served to lay the groundwork本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。