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Art and Design essay：艺术史Art history

阅读完这本书并且做了一些研究之后，我学到了很多关于现代和后现代建筑的发展知识。有许多事情导致了创建风格架构方式的改变。我相信，人们想要有满意的建筑设计，而技术是这些变化的主要因素与要求。人们改变了他们的需求，因为他们需要改变他们的生活方式和工作环境。我也知道，有一些建筑师在建筑设计的改变上发挥了关键作用，如果没有著名的建筑师，我们就看不到他们的做事方式了。无论是信仰现代还是后现代主义，它们都有以我们当今的建筑师的方式去创建我们的建筑。

现代建筑被定义为具有类似特征的艺术。现代发展中人们想打破传统意义上风格设计简单、朴素的建筑，即
使在20世纪早期，这一首次孕育传统艺术时期，很少有现代风格建筑。直到第二次世界大战后，它才得到了欢迎。现代建筑在接下来的三十格年时间里主导企业单位的建筑。现代风格出现在西方第一次世界大战时期并且基于现代材料的合理使。“格罗皮乌斯，密斯的移民使美国有一个强大的现代建筑系统，还有布鲁尔德国在上世纪30年代也有很多现代建筑。“哥伦比亚百科全书”

现代建筑基于功能主义规划，拒绝历史先例与点缀。它也被称为功能主义。大多数历史学家认为，由于社会和政治革命的发展，现代建筑的演变成为了一个社会问题。其他人认为现代建筑试音为技术工程的发展而被驱动的，比如有一个新的可用性的建筑材料，如铁、钢和玻璃。这些新材料帮助艺术家创造建筑发明。这些新建筑技术也是工业革命的一部分。他们用玻璃立面，用钢外部支持，和混凝土土层和内部支持。铁和玻璃是建筑的第一个新建筑材料的使用。水晶宫殿是由约瑟夫•帕克斯顿在伦敦成立于一千八百五十一年,它是由铁和玻璃材料造成的。威廉姆勒巴伦詹尼和路易斯·沙利文一千八百九十年前在芝加哥创造了高钢铁摩天大楼。

Art history

After reading the book and doing some research I was able to learn a lot about the development of modern and post-modern architecture. There were many things that contributed to the change in the style of how architecture was created. I believe that technology was a major factor in the these changes, as well as the demands that people wanted met when they had a building designed. As people changed their needs, they needed to change the environment where they lived and where they worked. I have also learned that there were certain people, architects, that played a key role in the changing of the architectural designs. Without a few of the famous architects we would not have things look the way they do now. Whether it is the modern or post-modern beliefs, they both have shaped the way architects today create the building we have.

Modern development is defined as art with similar characteristics. The style wanted to break with architectural tradition and design simple, unornamented buildings, even though very few modern style buildings were created in the early twentieth century this is the time when they were first conceived. It wasn't until after the Second World War when it gained its popularity. Modern architecture dominated institutional and corporate buildings for the next three decades. The modern style emerged in the Western countries in the decade World War One and was based on the rational use of modern materials. 'The United States became a strong hold of modern architecture after the emigration of Gropius, Mies, and Bruer from Germany during the 1930s.' Columbia Encyclopedia,( pg.3).

Modern architecture was based on a functionalist planning and rejected the historical precedent and ornament. It has also been called, or referred to as functionalism. Most historians believe that the evolution of modern architecture is a social matter; they think that the style developed as a result of social and political revolutions. Others think that modern architecture was driven primarily because of technological and engineering developments. There was a new availability of new building materials, like iron, steel, and glass. These new materials helped to inspire new inventions of creating buildings. These new building techniques are part of the Industrial Revolution. They used glass for the façade, steel for the exterior support, and concrete for the floors and interior support. Iron and glass construction are one of the first new building materials to have been used. The Crystal Place by Joseph Paxton was created in eighteen fift