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Canberra refreshing Urban Planning and Design

Abstract: Based on the Canberra city location, layout, construction and other aspects highlighted, showing the "Garden City" thought in urban planning practice, describes the "Garden City" thought for the modern urban planning.

Keywords: Garden City  Space axis  Urban Design

Australian capital, Canberra is located in the Great Dividing Range in south-eastern Australia open valley floor, 760 meters above sea level, 120 kilometers east of the sea, rivers, surrounded by thickly forested hills. Capital Territory, an area of ​​2,400 square kilometers, population 220,000, plus three satellite towns, the population reached 270,000.

Planning background
1.1 The political factors
100 years ago, Canberra is neither a tree nor lake ranch, in 1841 developed into a small town. Was only a post office, a blacksmith shop, a church and its affiliated schools. Later, the reason why it can become the capital of Australia, can be said that "the snipe and the clam".
1901, after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia, the largest city of Sydney and the second largest city, Melbourne capital in their city, for which the two sides at loggerheads, debated for 2089 years. Finally, the federal government through a compromise in 1911, decided to select an appropriate location between the two cities to rebuild the new capital, this location is Canberra. The climate here is cool, only 21 ° C average temperature in summer (January), winter (July) the average temperature of 6 ° C, good weather, plenty of water, is conducive to development.
International Competition held in April 1911, Capital Planning, Griffin's program was selected. Canberra's planning is in full accordance with Griffin planning scheme. However, the construction of the capital is not smooth. Start construction ceremony held in Canberra on March 13, 1913. Due to World War I, the impact of the situation, coupled with the capitalist economic crisis of the 1920s, the building of Canberra and off, before beginning to take shape until 1927, moved to Canberra from Melbourne in the capital this year. At that time, the the Xindu population less than 5,000 people. The next 30 years, urban construction is still slow. Canberra construction accelerated the appearance of the city to the rapid changes since 1958.
1.2 Social factors
1890-1914, Australia in the wave of reform in the economic downturn and urban unemployment crisis, Howard's garden city theory was introduced in. Even in 1917 1O, still in the southeastern port city of Adelaide convened Australia's first Garden City Conference, whose theme is "to promote urban planning, rural cities, residential, science and principles of general education and the general public to understand. " After the conference, some of the concepts of the theory of Garden City, such as urban decentralization, cooperation, community, Metro etc. began to appear in groups of Australian professional urban sociologist and gradually extended.
Griffin, Canberra is the "Garden City" thinking practice case. Howard, "Garden City" concept, health, life and the industrial city, its size is sufficient to provide a rich social life, around four weeks to have a permanent agricultural zone, urban land owned by the public. Garden City real terms - a combination of urban and rural areas, a number of Garden City (30,000 people) around the central city本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。