摘要:本文是一篇对中国经济分析的加拿大论文,中国以每年8%的速度发展经济,伴随许多影响经济增长的因素,中国的经济增长的主要因素是由外国直接投资(FDI),这对其产生了显著而积极的作用。
tract FDI, because of the various amounts of benefits that it brings; which include income generation from capital inflows, advanced technology, management skills and market know-how. FDI encourages local firms to improve their technological competence by generating knowledge or technological spillovers that increase factor productivity.
In recent years, foreign-invested firms have become a very important part of the Chinese economy. According to experts (Fung, Lau and Lee 2002), foreign capital has played a largely positive role in China's economic development during the reform. It can generate more benefits than just helps solve the capital shortage problem. FDI may provide better access to technologies for the local economy [4]
It can also lead to indirect productivity gains through spillovers. For instance, with the entry of multinational companies (MNCs), competition increases in the local market which will force existing inefficient firms to invest more in physical or human capital. Usually MNCs provide training for labour and management which makes them become available to the economy in general.
In China, previous studies on FDI and spillovers have confirmed existence of a positive relationship. However, the empirical findings on spillover are mixed.
While some have proven a positive existence (Hejazi and Safarian, 1999; Javorcik, 2004; Keller, 2002; Liu, Siler, Wang, and Wei, 2000), others have confirmed quite the opposite (Aitken and Harrison, 1999; Konings, 2001) or found spillover effects to be confined to other multinationals (Feinberg and Majumdar, 2001) [5]
The studies of Hermes and Lensink (2003), Lensink and Morrissey (2001), Gorg and Strobl, (2001) respectively show that knowledge spillovers take place through four likely channels which include: imitation, competition, linkages and/or training. Gorg and Hijzen (2004) also explains the positive effects that foreign firms have over local firms in export markets.
Foreign firms are mostly always technologically advanced and well organised compared to domestic firms. Domestic firms may find it cheaper to copy foreign firms by upgrading their technology for example, rather than generating new ideas or ways of doing things, therefore this process leads to domestic firms becoming more productive.
Since the effect on domestic firms is positive, it is imperative to understand that FDI brings about a positive technological spillover through the channel of imitation.
It is important to stress however that spillovers, whether technology or knowledge based occur through the channel of linkages whereby domestic firms deliver raw materials and/or intermediate goods to foreign firms. Accolley Delali (2003) confirms the existence of this linkage may force foreign firms to provide technical aid to domestic firms. Domestic firms become efficient because they driven by foreign firms to advance their technology and also train their staff, which increases productivity. [6]
Another question arises, of how spillover is measured. Technology spillover for this research will be measured using Research & Development (R&D). The reason for this is that technological process is an important factor of economic growth and R&D influences economic growth.
Evidence from Branstetter (2001) and Todo (2006) who examine technology spillover effects b
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