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Business cycle is a periodically repeated sequence of fluctuations in the aggregate economy of an area, or the nation as a whole, varying in duration, and measured by changes in the gross national product (GNP) (McLver & Hettihewa 2004). Business cycle is consisting of upturn, expansion, peaking out and slowdown (Sloman & Norris 2008). In the business cycle, Australia currently sits in the peaking out phase, during this phase, growth slows down or event ceases (Sloman & Norris 2008). This can be measured by real gross domestic product, inflation, income for householders and the unemployment rate.

Gross domestic product is the money value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time (Sloman & Norris 2008). As Table 1 shows, average GDP in 2007 was 3.9 percent, which was 1.2 percent higher than year 2006. This suggests that Australia was experiencing a GDP expansion, and moving to a GDP peaking out. The main reasons of increasing in GDP were the increasing demand for iron ore, coal, uranium and agriculture products such as wheat, cotton and wool in China and India, which lead to huge volumes of trade (Shameen, 2008). Therefore, this could suggest that Australian’s economy is experiencing a peaking out.
Table 1 – Australian GDP

Source: Trading Economics 2008
Inflation is the annual percentage increase in the price level (Sloman & Norris 2008). As Table 2 shows, there was a steady growth of inflation rates from 2004 to Mar 2008, and reached to 3.5 % in Mar 2008. The Trading Economics (2008) predicted the Australian inflation rate will continue to grow in 2008 to 2009, and the interest rate will also continue to grow from 7.25 % in 2008 8.34% in 2009. This can impose costs on individuals and the economy, and reduce level of consumption. Therefore, Australian’s economy would slowdown in 2008 – 2009, and will experience a peak out.
Table 2 – Australian Inflation Rate

Source: Trading Economics 2008

2. Over the last decade Australia has experienced a long period of economic growth. What have been the implications of this growth for the tourism and hospitality industries in 2007 and early 2008?

Economic growth is an increase in the nation's capacity to produce goods and services. It is illustrated by an economy’s expansion in production over time, and measured by change in real Gross Domestic Product (Sloman & Norris 2008).

Fest economic growth reduces the unemployment rate, as the growth of the economy yields more goods and services for consumers and creates more choice (Dowrick 1999), more employers are needed to provide effective services and high quality products to consumers. This creates more job opportunities in the society, and enables people to find satisfying and well-paid jobs, as more positions are available. Therefore, the growth of the economy reduces unemployment rate, and provide constant income to workers, which will encourage them to spend more on various goods and services and encouraging them to travel domestically. Furthermore, the low unemployment rate in the society will enable tourism and hospitality industries to employ right employees for the right position, as low unemployment rate increase labour supply in the labour market, thus, more people are本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。