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发展中国家的女性劳动力

根据最近的调查估计，巴基斯坦约40％的人口生活在贫困线以下。其中导致巴基斯坦的经济落后的重要原因是女性在巴基斯坦的劳动力参与率较低。

在本论文中，我主要分析了巴基斯坦的妇女劳动参与社会总劳动力的相关问题。讨论的问题包括：女性占总劳动力几率的估算，高低水平部门的女性参与情况，基于性别的工资差异，阻碍女性充分参与劳动力的因素，女性在工作场所的安全以及使用现有技术之间的资质和能力差距。本文还介绍了不同省份和地区女性参与劳动力程度的比较。从农村和城市地区的趋势进行分析，了解影响女性参与经济领域的各种因素。绝对和相对的素养，就业在高级水平，私营和公共部门的就业率的比较也是本研究的主题。

Women Labour Force In Developing Countries Economics Essay

According to the recent estimates, about 40 % of the population in Pakistan is living below the poverty line. One of the important reasons for Pakistan’s economic backwardness is low participation of females in the work force of Pakistan.

In this research paper, I made an effort to analyze the issues related to female labor participation in the work force of Pakistan. The issues discussed include making an estimate of female ratio in work force, sectors having high and low level of female participation, wage disparities on the basis of gender, factors discouraging adequate participation of females in labor force, security of females at work places, qualifications and competency gap between required and available skill. A comparison of female participation in labor force in various provinces and areas is included in the paper. The trends in rural and urban area are analyzed to understand the impact of various factors affecting female participation in economic sectors. The comparison of absolute and relative literacy, job-occupancy at senior level, employment ratio in private and public sectors are also subject matter of this study.

It is also be assessed that what are the challenges faced by females for participating in work, such as working environment, facilities available to females at work places, religious barriers towards female participation in labor, family issues like rearing children and doing household chores and cultural traditions impeding female mobility.

The paper evaluates various initiatives started by the government and the private sectors for enhancing female participation in the work force. Their relative success and failures and causes of failure are also discussed.

In the end, the paper proposes a strategy for increasing women participation in Pakistan’s work force. The requirements for financial resources, legislative support, requisite administrative set-up and establishing suitable links are prescribed in the recommendations.

Review of the Literature:

There is segmented literature available on components of this issue. The most relevant object to this regard is the division of labor varies from society to society. In every society, household and childcare are considered the primary responsibility of the family (Eagly 1999). In some societies chores and childcare tasks are considered the responsibility of women. The countries where women have large presence in the paid labor force, the men also participate in household work. However, in some developing countries where the women are not employed and contribute less in the labor force, it is considered the primarily duty to do house hold tasks and child care (Burke,P.J., & Cast, A.D. 1997). A common observation is that there is considerable movement in the perception of men and women toward more egalitarian views in determining their roles (Stacey and Judith 1993). While the changes in sex role depends on socio本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。