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南非在1994年获得独立后见证了许多结构性的变化，特别是在贸易方面，因为它看到了贸易禁运，降低关税和非关税壁垒的提升，以及进入与像南共体和欧盟的许多贸易集团的自由贸易协定。随着南非的持续增长和贸易自由化程度增加，劳动力市场没有反映这种增长或显示通过增加就业是受益于贸易增长的。南非贸易数据的一般分析表明，它资本相对丰富并且是资本货物的净出口国。鉴于南非是一个中等收入国家，其与高，中，低收入国家的贸易关系是不同的。由于南非相对于大多数国家是高度赋予了体力劳动的国家，我们期望它出口劳动密集型产品到高收入国家，同时出口相对资本密集型产品向低收入国家。为了验证情况是否如此，我们将着眼于HO模型，并采用南非1990年到2000年的数据。

Evaluating The HOV Theorem Using South African Data Economics Essay

Introduction

South Africa witness many structural changes after attaining its independence in 1994, especially on trade as it saw the lifting of trade embargos, reduction in tariff and nontariff barriers as well as entering into free trade agreements with many trading blocks like SADC and EU. As South Africa continues to grow and increase trade liberalisation, its labour market is not reflecting this growth or showing to be benefiting from increased trade through increased employment. A general analysis of South Africa trade data reveals that it is relatively capital abundant and a net exporter of capital goods. Given that South Africa is a middle income nation, its trading relation with high, middle and low income nations is different. Since South Africa is highly endowed with physical labour relative to most high income nations, we expect it to export relatively labour intensive goods to high income nations, while it exports relatively capital intensive goods to low income nations. To test whether this is the case will look at the HO model and use South Africa data for 1990 and 2000. The HO model is one of the theoretical foundations for explaining international trade developments and their consequences on factor use between trading nations.

The Heckscher-Ohlin Model

The Heckscher- Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) model builds from the classical Heckscher-Ohlin model with two countries, two goods, and two factors. The goal of HO model is to predict the pattern of trade in goods between the two countries, based on their differences in factor endowments Feenstra (2004). The basic and main assumptions of the HO model are - identical technologies across countries; identical and homothetic tastes across countries; differing factor endowments enabling one country to be labour abundant, while the other is capital abundant; free trade in goods and factors of production are perfectly mobile within country, but immobile across countries. The Heckscher- Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) model introduced by Vanek (1968), builds on the HO model adding multi-goods, multi-factors and balanced trade. Basing on these assumptions the model states that a country will export those goods produced using intensively the relatively abundant factor, while importing the goods produced using intensively the relatively less本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。