英语论文网

资本主义是属于经济系统中的一个实施计划，即指生产资料和经营利润归私人拥有。在此经济系统中，自由市场上的供给、需求、价格、分配和投资主要由私人决策。利润是分配给投资企业的业主和企业的员工。因此它需要达到资本业主等级获得资本货物的私有权,不管是个人、集体还是国家机构，都是为资本业主经营利润或创造利益。生产资料也用于其他非资本货物和服务。资本主义还涉及一些用于可替换资产的投资金额，以及通过所有权、替换资产、利息和其他各种金融工具而积累的资金。

资本主义在中国的形成体现于以下过程:首先经由重商主义，即商人探索地理位置和在不同地区不同货物交换而来的利润；然后经由工业化，即商人确认在给另一州经济带来损失的情况下，国家只会提升其生产利润。这样他们减少了对传统手工艺技能的使用而注重机械化生产。这导致的结果是工厂车间的货物供大于求。

Capitalism is a scheme in an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. In the system, supply, demand, price, distribution, and investments are determined mainly by private decisions in the free market .Profit is distributed to owners who invest in businesses, and wages are paid to workers employed by businesses. Thus it entails the private ownership of capital goods by a class of capital owners, either individually, collectively or through a state apparatus that operates for a profit or serves the interests of capital owners. Capital goods are goods used to produce other goods or services. Capitalism also involves the further abstraction of money into other exchangeable assets and the accumulation of money through ownership, exchange, interest and various other financial instruments.

In China capitalism occurred through the following processes: First through mercantilism where merchants explored geographic locations and traded for profit using different commodities they found in different locations. Then through industrialism where the merchants believed that the state could only increase its wealth at the expense of another state. Thus they decreased the traditional handicraft skills and increased mechanization. This led to development of factories for manufacturing which increased output. This led to division of labor between and within work spaces leading to establishment of domination of capitalist mode of production. Later Keynesianism and neoliberation followed. This was disadvantaged by inflation which slowed the output production. Then the general public's interest was shifted from the collectivist concerns of Keynes's managed capitalism to a focus on individual freedom and choice, called 'remarketized capitalism.' Lastly there was globalization where there is international trade of the goods produced. This increased the mobility of people and capital since the last quarter of the 20th century, combining to circumscribe the room to maneuver states in choosing non-capitalist models of development.

In China's capitalism, the government does not prohibit private property or prevent individuals from working where they please. It does not prevent firms from determining what wages they will pay and what prices they will charge for their products. However, it has minimum wage laws and minimum safety standards. Also it has competition laws that prohibit monopolies and cartels from forming. Monopolies occurred due to different companies supplying the same commodity to the same buyers while cartels occur when different companies merge with only one interest of marking profit.