英语论文网

strong>Oil Price 石油价格
Because of no data available for electricity price, this study using oil price as proxy. In order to generate the electricity, oil is needed to generate it. Oil price and EC expected to have negative relationship.

Structures Change in Economy 经济结构变化
The growth of heavy industry the main contributor of electricity consumption growth. In cases of Malaysia, manufacturing activity contributed to growth in electricity consumption because in this country manufacturing is one of the most important industry using the electricity. This study will use manufacturing data to see whether it's this industry contribute to EC. EC expected have positive relationship with this structure change in Malaysia.

LITERITURE REVIEW 文献综述
In the last 3 decades , because of the enhance of living standards and the development of developing countries causing the electricity consumption increasing many study and analysis have been done to study the relationship and factor that make EC increasing.

Ranjan and Jain analyzed the impact of population and weather sensitive parameter on the electricity consumption in Delhi during the period 1984-1993. They developed different multiple linear regression models for the various seasons. The variable

According to Bo Q. Lin in the study of electricity demand in the people's Republic China he develop a long run electricity demand to analyze the main factor that can effect electricity demand in PRC this study using unit root test and co integration model The result was The there exists a stable long-run relationship among the variables in the model over the sample period. As expected, the relationship among variables is more stable and significant after the PRC.

Silk and Joutz (1997) study result was electricity consumption is not sensitive to the change in its own price, income, as well as price of substitute.

Halicioglo (2007) studied the elasticity of electricity demand in Turkey for the 1968-2005 periods and found that the income and price elasticity in the long run are greater than income and price elasticity in the short run. It showed that the level of sensitivity has increased in the long run due to population's ability to respond to the policy changes and the changes can be seen in the long run. Generally, it was in line with the theory of elasticity where the short run elasticity is expected to be lower than the long run elasticity.

Akinlo (2009) investigates the causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for Nigeria. The results of our estimation show that real gross domestic product

(rGDP) and electricity consumption (ele) are co integrated and there is only unidirectional Granger causality running from electricity consumption (ele) to (rGDP).

Kraft and Kraft (1978), using causality test between electricity consumption and GNP for the USA, and the result of a unidirectional causality running from GNP to energy consumption.

Altinay and Karagol (2005) this paper study the causal relationship between electricity consumption and real. Both of the series were found to be a stationary. Both have strong evidence for unidirectional causality running from the electricity consumption to the income. This implies that the supply of electricity is significantly important to