英语论文网

我们的环境在正现代化、商业活动不断的成长和发展的影响下，遭受了严重的威胁。所有的这些人类活动，都在影响着我们的环境。尤其是石油和天然气公司如管道产品营销公司（PPMC）对自然资源的消耗，造成了严重的环境影响。因此，对可持续发展的要求无论如何强调都不为过，它在这二十年间变得尤为重要（迈克尔和局域网，2000；碳信托基金，2008；哈恩，2001；坎宁等人，2005年）。政府制定的关于使用自然资源以及污染控制的各种问题，使得这些帐目的压力越来越大。对此，处于对保护环境的目的，出台了有关环境保护法律、法规的变化（波利，2004；IEMA 2005）。1990至1961年间，自然资源消耗量以每十年25%的比率增加，导致了酸雨严重破坏环境。这会导致土壤和水的酸度增加，从而导致森林作物的破坏，以及淡水鱼和野生动物的保护。

Constant Growth And Development

The environment is under constant threat as a result of modernisation, business activities, constant growth and development. All these are human activities that affect the imMediate environment. The depletion in natural resources especially by the oil and gas companies such as the Pipeline Product Marketing Company (PPMC) has resulted in serious environmental impacts. Therefore, the need for sustainability and sustainable development cannot be overemphasized as it has become more important over the last two decades (Micheal & Lan, 2000; Carbon Trust, 2008; Hahn, 2001; Cunningham et al., 2005). These accounts for the increasing pressure on governments to develop a response to a variety of problems which range from the use of natural resources to pollution control. In response, variety of environmental protection legislation and regulations were formulated with the aim of protecting the environment (Powley, 2004; IEMA 2005). The increase in natural resources consumption between 1961 and 1990 by 25% every 10 years resulted in serious environmental impacts in the form of acid rain. This leads to raising acidity in the soil and water thereby causing damage to forest crops, and freshwater fish and wildlife. Methane emission and mining waste, oil spills, air pollution by sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide as a result of burnt coal, oil or gas including climate change are also causes of environmental impacts (Micheal & Lan, 2000; Edwards, 2000; Jaccard, 2005). PPMC is a subsidiary of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation owned by the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The company is involved in oil processing, production and marketing. PPMC was established to offer excellent customer services by transporting crude oil to the Nigerian three refineries as well as moving white petroleum products to existing markets. Its main objective is to profitably and efficiently market refined petroleum and petrochemical products in the domestic market as well as in the ECOWAS sub region and also provide marine services (PPMC, 2009).

INVESTMENT PROJECT 投资项目

The PPMC's monitory and inspection department has 36 vehicles, a vehicle in each of the 36 states of Nigeria. The vehicles are used as official cars by staff in order to move in-between their offices, depot and filling stations and monitor and inspect their daily operational activities. Each car covers hundreds of kilometres daily due to the long distance between their office, filling stations as well as depots which are located far out of the city for environmental purpose. Every car consumes approximately 50 litres of petrol per day. However, it is environmentally unfriendly as they pollute the environment with carbon emissions. The company has set a target to drastically reduce or if possible to stop polluting the environment. Therefore, the senior management wants to accomplish a v