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自从文明伊始，领导这个概念出现以来，关于领导能力的研究对人类来说就至关重要。5000年前埃及的象形文字就记录了领导者和下属。在公元前400年到公元前300年，希腊哲学家柏拉图和亚里士多德曾经写过一些有关领导能力，以及领袖的要求、特征和教育之类的文章。领导能力是人类社会的中心，已经被证明对一切社会都很重要，尽管随着时间迁移和文化变化，具体的行为模式可能有所变化。

领导理论在上个世纪飞速发展，甚至到了这样的地步：领导理论开始成为描述某些情况下领导者们成功状态的模型的基础。领导能力可以被看做是在人们试图理解组织现象所做努力中起到关键作用的概念。根据门德尔的观点，组织系统、活动和事件都是难以理解的，因为它们通常复杂而又模糊不清。然而，组织成员和观察者们需要弄清楚自己所处的环境，产生一种控制和理解了的感觉。由于领导能够提供对重要性的便捷而似乎可信的解释，但却会导致引起歧义的结果，它被当做解释性事物过度使用了。

The study of leadership has been important to humans since the dawn of civilisation, the concept of leadership; leader and follower were represented in Egyptian hieroglyphics written 5,000 years ago. Between 400 and 300BC the Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle wrote about leadership and the requirements, characteristics, and education of leaders (Paul, et al. 2002). Leadership is central to the human condition (Wren, 1995) and has found to be important to all societies, although specific patterns of behaviour vary overtime and across cultures (Bass, 1990).

Leadership theories have evolved in the last century to the point where they began to be the basis for models that accurately describe the activities of leaders with good correlation to their success in some situations (Antonakis & House, 2002), (Yukl, 2006a). Meindl (1990) leadership can best be understood as a perception that plays a key role in people's efforts to make sense of organisational phenomena. According to his view, organisational systems, activities, and events are hard to comprehend because they are ambiguous and complex. Nevertheless, organisational members and observers have a need to make sense of their environment to preserve an illusion of understanding and control. Because leadership provides a convenient and plausible explanation for important, but causally ambiguous outcomes, it is overused as an explanatory category.

In a sense, supervisory theories of leadership are about leadership “in” organisations. Strategic theories of leadership are concerned with leadership “of” organisations, see (Hunt, 1991) and are “marked by a concern for the evolution of the organisation as a whole, including its changing aims and capabilities” (Selznick, 1984). Strategic leadership focuses on the people who have overall responsibility for the organisation and includes not only the titular head of the organisation but also members of what is referred to as the top management team or domin本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。