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Gynecology and gynecological nursing theories and practices in traditional Chinese medicine: Review on the ancient literatures

Abstract:
Objective：The study is aimed to introduce the developing history of gynecology and gynecological nursing in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
Study design: The development of TCM gynecology and TCM gynecological nursing consists of six periods in the recorded Chinese history.  They are: (1) Budding stage represented by the inscriptions of Nü (female ) on oracle bones; (2) Physiological development stages of women; (3) Specialized chapters of gynecology in TCM; (4) Features of gynecological nursing in TCM; (5) Monograph of gynecology and gynecological nursing in TCM; (6) Integration of ancient gynecological nursing perceptions.
Results：TCM has a profound understanding of gynecology and gynecological nursing.  For period one, the inscriptions of Nü (female) on oracle bones is the symbol of the budding stage.   For period two, physiogenesis stages of women are recorded in The Yellow Emperor of Classics of Inner Medicine.  For period three, the specialized chapters of gynecology in TCM appeared, represented by Golden Chamber, Woman.  For period four, the features of gynecological nursing in TCM was elaborated in Essential Prescriptions Worth A Thousand Gold including menstruation (physiology), depression (psychology), yin-dampness (pathogenesis), and menopause (pathology).  For period five, monographs of gynecology and gynecological nursing in TCM represented by Good Comprehensive Woman Formulae appeared.  For period six, Integrative studies of ancient gynecological nursing perceptions were carried out with the representation by Integrated Ancient and Modern Books.
Conclusion： Gynecology and gynecological nursing in TCM harbors a long history of treating and nursing gynecological disorders.  With therapeutic and nursing modalities, they are effective systems of understanding and managing woman health as proven by medical literatures, clinical benefits and basic research studies. 
Keywords:  TCM gynecology; TCM gynecological nursing; Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Budding stage represented by the inscriptions for Nü (female) on oracle bones (1700 B.C. - 256 B.C.)
3.2. Physiological growth and development stages of woman recorded in The Yellow Emperor of Classics of Inner Medicine (Huang Di Nei Jing), 256 BC-8A.D.
3.3. Special chapters on gynecology in TCM represented by Golden Chamber, Woman (Jin Kui Yao Lüe, Fu Ren Pian), 8A.D.-589 A.D. 
3.4. Features of TCM gynecological nursing represented by the record in Essential Prescriptions Worth A Thousand Gold (Qian Jin Yao Fang), 589A.D. -960A.D.
3.5. Monographs of TCM gynecology and gynecologic nursing represented by Good Comprehensive Woman Formulae (Fu Ren Da Quan Liang Fang), 960 A.D. - 1368 A.D.
3.6. The integration of ancient gynecological nursing perceptions represented by Integrated Ancient and Modern Books (Gu Jin Tu Shu Ji Cheng), 1368 A.D. - 1912 A.D.

References
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