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vementmethodologies focused on lean conception(Radnor, 2010).Apart from Health Care, evidence of implementation of lean in service sector can be also found in Government organization (Radnor and Bucci, 2007), Consulting Service (NICOLAS, 2011), Financial Service (Wharton, 2009), Airport (Beca, 2013), Hospitality Organizations (Justin, 2011) etc.

1.2 Just-In-Time production

TOYOTA developed Just in Time (JIT) system to streamline its production process. According to Schonberger (1986), JIT production was one of the four tenets of World Class Manufacturing that are needed for its successful implementation. Paul and Suresh (1997) described that Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Total Quality Management (TQM) and JIT are three pillars of World Class Manufacturing. Similarly,Monden (1983) considered JIT was one of the core principles of Toyota Production System and the main objective was to cut down cost budgeting in terms of quality control, quality assurance andemployee involvement. Grunwald et al. (1989) viewed JIT as a control system aiming at inventory reduction and planning simplification in the context of repetitive manufacturing.JIT was an integrated system involving production, sales and distribution, aiming to eliminate waste and inventories (Koregaonkar, 1992).Flynn et al. (1995)and McLachlin(1997) supplemented the definition with customer orientation and quality improvement respectively.

The first article associated with the implementation of JIT production has appeared in 1977 (Sugimori et al., 1977). Cultivating a proper relationship with supplier and improving employee participation were underlined in order to successfully implement World Class Manufacturing (Schonberger, 1986). He also listed some JIT firms that gained competitive advantage from World Class Manufacturingphilosophy. Suzaki’s (1987) has published a book involved in various cases of JIT production implementation at shop-floor stage which was suitable for both employees and managers.Since then, JIT soon became popular throughout the world.

JIT production is delivering sustainable competitive advantage to organization s as a change and improvement strategy (Seif and Qasim, 2012).It is characterized as “pull” approach as well, which is opposite to the conventional approach described as “push”. Kanban was introduced as a technique to manage materials from the preceding work station andregulate production flow(Ohno,1988).The upstream station only produces the exact amount of items needed by the next work station. And the certain amount is decided by the customers’ requirement. The ideal continuous work flow can only be made under the premise of fully understanding of the accurate timing and capacity of machine (Manoochehri, 1988).
It can bring significant business improvements while implementing JIT manufacturing system:
a. Lead time reduction
Lead time refers to the length of time it takes to produce a product and to the frequency of production for a particular product (Nitin et al., 2010). Gupta et al. (2003) presented a case study in which the lead time is reduced almost by 50 % in a service sector by the application of JIT philosophy.

b. Inventory reduction
Work-in-progress inventories are considered as the root of many problems at different levels (Spencer et al. 1994). High cost of inventories forced manufactures to develop efficie