英语论文网

and too much bureaucracy' thus undermining their active participation (86). Too much bureaucracy and central direction undermines teachers' sense of value, affects morale and increases turnover. Second, it results to less job satisfaction and a sense of low worth which results to high turnovers in the school and in the profession in general. Finally, less teacher involvement in the school management results to low creativity and untapped resources for development.

In the quest to provide adequate and affordable education, proper governing is important. Presently, teachers have little contribution to the governing in their schools despite their active involvement in the education environment. As reported by Morehead (2003), an environment that allows teachers participation in management of schools result to professionally fulfilled and dedicated staff that has positive contribution to education. Teachers need to be actively involved in order to enhance positive education outcomes. It is important that policies are designed with contributions from every stakeholder and in the education setting, it remains that for more effective governing and positive outcomes, teachers should be more involved in decision making.

优秀，有天赋和才华的学习者——Exceptional, Gifted and Talented Learners

Whereas the society may generally consider the gifted students to be the lucky ones, a closer look may reveal that they might actually be disadvantaged. Despite their endless curiosity, creativity and energy, when put into the regular classrooms, these children may suffer from negative peer pressure, boredom and may actually drop out of school (Sadker, Sadker & Zittleman, 2008). To enable these students to achieve their potentials in life and to tap their exceptional knowledge, it is important that special programs are put in place in order to enhance their learning.

This issue is important for the various reasons. First, failure to create an enhanced environment for these students might waste their potential. Gilson (2009) argues that learners in general need to be constantly challenged failure to which they not only become bored but they also 'lose their willingness to challenge themselves to do better things' (36). Most learners need proper support in order to meet their goals and gifted students are no exception. They would experience boredom and negative pressure when placed in regular classes and this may be a recipe for dropping out instead of excelling. This would especially be remarkable if they come from minority groups. The end result is that the exceptionally bright student experience neglect and apathy and less chances of success in school. Second, deterioration of these students when put in regular classes represents is a failure by the society to tap their potential and hence a loss to the society at large. Research indicates that gifted students under such disciplines as Science, technology, Engineering, and mathematics have high chances of moving from abilities to competencies and eventually to expertise (Olszwski-Kubilius, 2010).

By providing special programs for the gifted students would result to several benefits. First, it would offer them an enabling environment that would enable them reach their individual potentials. Second, it would allow effective tapping of their skills for the potential benefits to the wh