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The terms are applicable to all modes of freight transport and take account of the requirements of modern surface transport, i.e. intermodal-, through-, and combined transport. The legend shown in Figure 4 clearly indicates the obligations of the seller. What the seller is not obliged to do, the buyer has to take care of.

Formalities, duties, licences and taxes including the modes selected for transport imply mode specific information, documents and schedules. Schedules imply existing combinations of service provision, routes and as a result, route, mode and service specific times and costs. The task of the supply chain manager now is to identify and select most beneficial combination of route, mode and service provision, costs and time within the kaleidoscope of continuously changing circumstances. As the situation is totally dynamic, the most convenient way to explore this is by means of computer modelling of possible supply chains of interest followed by simulation of their performance. The key performance indicators (KPI) from the point of view of service provision are expressed by time and costs. This is followed by the selection of the most beneficial option. Unfortunately not every member of the supply chain or user of freight transport logistics services is able to model supply chains and simulate their performance. This indicates a need for specialist- and Web-based services as those offered by the Baltic Sub-Regional Competence Centre (BSRCC) using Web-portals as proposed in eLOGMAR-M based on supporting work done in AMCAI, DAMAC-HP, SPHERE and BALTPORTS-IT.

Bluemel, E., Vinichenko, S. and Novickis, L. in “Model-based Essential Logistics Principles for Creating a Web-Portal of Transport Services’ Consumers”, (ESM 2005), model the business process involved in international freight transport along the route indicated in Figure 1, with a view towards the development of the above indicated Web-portal(s). It is intended that the Web-portal offers the potential user a choice between the services on offer thereby assisting the supply chain manager with the all important task of routing taking account of, e.g. the buyer’s requirements and the conditions of the order, the terms of sale affecting the division of freighting costs, the speed of delivery requirements, the destination and possible routes available as well as merchandise and packaging characteristics, (Downs, D.E., 1992 and Willmott, K. 2001). The RTD work on the business process of international freight transport is ongoing and is further discussed during ESM 2005.

MODELLING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN

The Modelling of an International Supply Chain using Incoterms

Modelling and formalisation are prerequisites to computer simulation and the Incoterms, their ongoing development, interpretation and global application by buyers, sellers, importers, exporters and extensive use in international trade, proved to offer an ideal framework to start this task. The work about to be discussed does not form part of eLOGMAR-M and was concluded before eLOGMAR-M started. Industry together with the Physical Science and Engineering Research Council (EPSRC) in the UK sponsored this RTD programme called ITeLS (Integrating Transport and eCommerce in Log本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。