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英国留学生作业:电子物流和供应链的模拟 [6]

论文作者:英语论文论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2014-08-16编辑:yangcheng点击率:12155

论文字数:3800论文编号:org201408091814453261语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文

关键词:电子物流供应链模拟SIMULATIONeLOGISTICSTHE SUPPLY CHAIN

摘要:作为一篇英国留学生作业,本文主要是西北欧洲供应链的建模和仿真的探讨,文章简要回顾和说明了电子商务界一篇名为“运输2010:决定时刻”文中提出的模块化平衡框架和可持续的增长中的物流供应需求,并进行相应的探讨。

dules, Figure 5 shows the ‘Purchasing Contract’ and the ‘Preparation of the Cargo for Export’ as components of ‘Ex Works’ in the first two modules. Preparation of the cargo for export is one of the obligations of the exporter under the Incoterm of ‘Ex Works’. It includes packaging unless specifically excluded by the contract of sale between buyer and seller. Of particular interest is Module 3 concerned with the selection of the transport mode based on available service options and routing of the consignment from origin to destination. Figure 6 below shows some details. It is a task generally performed by a freight forwarder either as part of the seller’s or buyer’s organisation or as an independent agent of either of them.


Figure 6: Selection of Mode of Transport and Routing


Cargo insurance according to theInstituteofCargo Clausesis optional, though strongly recommended according to the risk the cargo will be subjected to en route. Depending on the mode of transport it covers the terms of ‘CIF’ using water-borne transport and ‘CIP’ corresponding to integrated-, through-, and combined transport. Module 5 concerned with export documentation is another interesting one due to the numerous and transport mode dependant alternatives. Figure 7 provides some indication on export and Customs procedures. The most important aspects being whether the destination of the goods is within the EU or outside of it and whether the goods are in free circulation. Export documentation and Customs clearance can be an obligation of either the buyer if he buys ‘Ex Works’ with the seller assisting with information or that of the seller under the other terms.


Figure 7 An Outline of the Export Procedure


Module 7 is concerned with pre-contractual carriage and from the supply chain’s point of view with the link of ‘Move’. As such it covers the Incoterms of FCA for both FCL but, more likely under today’s industrial practice of JIT, LCL using consolidation and groupage at the forwarder’s premises to achieve a FCL travelling under the forwarder’s house bill of lading to a break bulk agent near the destinations of the groupaged consignments. It also covers the traditional maritime transport related term of ‘FAS’.


The Modules 8 and 9 cover the loading of the cargo, in this case a container, by or on behalf of the main carrier and the transport of the cargo to the port / airport / inland port or agreed place of delivery. As such it covers the Incoterms of ‘FOB’, ‘CFR’, ‘CIF’, ‘DES’, and ‘DEQ’ relating to purely water-borne transport, as well as the terms of ‘CPT’, ‘CIP’ of modern surface transport.


The activities of Modules 10, 11 and 12 are again related to logistics services performed most likely by a freight forwarder. Deconsolidation – Module 10 – is used as part of LCL services. Who arranges for post-carriage insurance and import documentation including import customs clearance however depends upon the agreement between buyer and seller. The Incoterms covering these aspects are ‘DDU’ and ‘DDP’. These two terms further cover the activities of Modules 13 and 14 concerned with the collection of the cargo and post-contractual haulage.


Modules 15 and 16 complete the activities involved in the supply chain论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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