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nt, to interpret. Logistics describes the entire process of materials and products moving into, through, and out of firm. Inbound logistics covers the movement of material received from suppliers. Materials management describes the movement of materials and omponents within a firm. Physical distribution refers to the movement of goods outward from the end of the assembly line to the customer. Finally, supply-chain management issomewhat larger than logistics, and it links logistics more directly with the user's total communications network and with the firm's engineering staff' (YUE, TSENG, & TAYLOR, 2005)

运输在供应链中扮演的角色-The role of transportation in supply chain

I mentioned in the beginning of my papers the transportation is referring to the movement of any product from one location to another.

Transport refers to the movement of products from one place to another and that the beginning of the supply chain in dealing with customers. Where is the new vision and wide in the work of transport, including supply chain management and logistics, and procurement. The cost of shipping and transport, for example, arrived in shipping and transport costs in the United States almost 6% of gross domestic product.

Many manufacturers and retailers were able to use the state in managing the supply chain to reduce inventory and storage costs, with the possibility of delivery to the client quickly.

Any successful supply chain linked to the use of a large and adequate transportation. For example, Wal-Mart has been used effectively respond to the transportation system to reduce overall costs. In developing countries, Wal-Mart is running across the docking, a process in the product that is exchanged between the trucks so that each truck to go to a retail store and product suppliers a different form.

At the same time, the exponential growth in shipment from China to create opportunities for bottlenecks on both. That is where many leading companies that having invested in the purchase of large offices in China, India, and elsewhere.

From this point shows that are two keys players in any means of transport that takes place within the supply chain. Shipper is the party, which requires the movement of product between two points in the supply chain. Carrier is the party who moves or transports the product. For example, when Dell uses UPS to ship the computers from the factory to the customer, Dell is the shipper and UPS is the carrier.

Transportation in supply chain cost

Chopra and Meindle stated for two kinds of transportation cost:

Inbound transportation costs are the costs that included the bringing material into a facility.

Outbound transportation costs are the costs that sending material out of a facility.

The relationship between both is the outbound transportation cost per unit is higher than inbound costs because the inbound is typically larger. (Chopra & Meindle, 2007,p78).

They also mintioned increasing the number of facilities can decrease total transportation cost, which refer to the figure

运输模式-Modes of transportation

The supply chains follow combination modes of transportation following:

Air fright logistic (air)

Airfreight logistics is very important in industries and services