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多论文论文-浅析国际文化贸易壁垒canada thesis-In recent years, the boom in cultural industries as well as favorable balance of trade for years in China is catching more public attention. However, there is still a long way to go for our cultural trade because the import turnover of cultural product is totally smaller than that of export value. Although we are the No.l exporter of cultural product globally, the poor performances on export of core cultural product can be regarded as the lost of international competition, Trade barrier then acts as a shield against foreign threat. But the real effect on cultural trade barrier is a paradox.

The plan for this dissertation begins academic explanation for international cultural trade, followed by the sections of historical inspection, contemporary situation, theoretical discussion about less efficiency of trade barrier, case studies and research into the effect of cultural trade barrier in China.The imbalanced structure of international cultural industries leads to the situation that developed countries of European & North America dominate global cultural trade. Cultural product from developed countries rushes into less-developed countries with the damaging effect on the survival of native cultural industries. On the other side, international cultural trade mainly occurs among developed nations, showing the tendency towards Intra-Industry Cultural Trade(I2CT).  https://www.51lunwen.org/canada/ 

I2CT arises from the following factors:economic development, integrated degree, information technology, differentiation of cultural product. According to the formula of Grubel & Lloyd, I figure out the I2CT index to be as highly as 0.725.There are two opposite opinions on the I2CT. US claim free trade policy towards international cultural trade, while other countries prefer cultural protection in the practice of cultural trade. This paper believes that the usual cultural trade barrier includes customs duty, quota and subsidy, all of which would bring about economic welfare loses, what’s more, the adoption of preserving native culture is facing more and more restrictions, its factual impact may be unsatisfactory.Multiculturalism is advocated by UNESCO, the International Network of Cultural policy(INCP) and other parallel associations. In October 2005, UNESCO published a report titled Convention on the Protection and Promotion of Diversity of Cultural Expression.

Multiculturalism thus can be cited as the basis of cultural protection in the practice of international cultural trade. But the legal effect of the Convention is inferior to that of WTO, making it difficult to protect domestic culture in the process of international cultural trade.Cultural product of US rushes into Canada heavily because of geographical propinquity, the same language and similar cultural origin. Canada feels threat by cultural product of US lest Canadians may be Americanized. In the magazine aspect, Canada passes the Income Tax Act and Tariff Code 9958 to provide financial aid & postal subsidy to magazine publishers, at the same time discriminates against American magazines simultaneously. When Americans succeed in circumventing Canadian’s cultural trade barriers by the technical progress of communication, a trade dispute erupts between them. The Dispute Settlement Body of WTO finally make a judgment that Canadians violate the provisions of WTO, so Canadian government has to modify its cultural trade policies.

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