英语论文网

An investment client perspective of Pakistan

巴基斯坦一个投资客户的视角

投资环境反应出很多因素，体现出企业有成果的投资机会，在一个特定的地理范围内扩大就业机会。一个良好的“投资环境”不仅仅是为企业创造利润，而且在鼓励创新和生产率方面发挥着关键作用。然而，其他费用和风险应由政府承担，必须使用政策以确保与工人和消费者分享生产力改善的好处。

通过这种“投资环境”看经济增长和减少贫困的观点提供了一些见解。

它使企业的决策者在讨论中做出了投资和雇用决定。

它承认它是企业评估投资机会和相关的政府政策和行为的一部分。这就加强了对财产权、监管、税收、金融、基础设施、腐败和其他政府政策和行为作为整体的一部分的重要性，而不是孤立的。

The investment climate reflects the many factors that shape the opportunities and incentives for firms to invest productively, create jobs and expand in a given geographical location. A good 'investment climate' is not just about generating profits for the firms, with competition playing a key role in encouraging innovation and productivity. However other costs and risks should be borne by governments which must use policies to ensure that the benefits of productivity improvements are shared with workers and consumers.

Looking at the economic growth and the reduction of the poverty through this 'investment climate' perspective offers several insights.

It puts firms - the actors making investment and hiring decision - at the centre of discussion.

It recognises that it is firms that assess investment opportunities and related government policies and behaviours as part of a package. This reinforces the importance of looking at property rights, regulation, taxes, finance, infrastructure, corruption, and other areas of government policy and behaviour as part of integrated whole, rather than in isolation.

It highlights the forward- looking nature of investment activity. Investment is based on expectations of the future and not just on current conditions. This underlines the importance of governments promoting stability and creditability, which are critical elements of a sound investment climate. It treats as fundamental the need for policy-makers to balance the goal of encouraging productivity private investment with other social goals. Firms provide many benefits for society, but the interest of firms and society are not the same in all respects. Good public policy is not about giving firms everything they might ask for, but rather about balancing a range of social interests.

A good 'investment climate' provides opportunities for people to better themselves, and improving the investment climate is the first pillar of the World Bank's overall development strategy. A critical complementary agenda is to invest in and empower people so they can take advantage of those opportunities; this is the second pillar of the World Bank's development strategy.

Q1: Why do some people believe that the market system is the best mechanism for allocating scarce resources and thereby encouraging a positive 'investment climate'? Explain your reasoning.

沪ICP备10026080号-1