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我想，人们都知道，科学研究其实是由众多的公司以及政府机构共同引导和控制而成的。然而，很少有人了解企业的动机和目标与科研公司到底是如何相互建立联系的。大多数人只是把它当作理所当然的一件事情。那么，本文将向人们揭示企业的动机与科学研究之间的联系，并且介绍一些企业和科学研究之间主要的连接方式和连接模式。其实，科学研究的来源是多方面的，但作者发现，对于一个企业来说，采用一个适当的形式将该公司与创新资源连接起来，这是至关重要的一个过程。本文还将对那些需要考虑的因素进行分析，从而来选择合适的形式和有利用价值的决策模型，那么这一部分我们将会在文章最后对读者进行展示和说明。本文的最后的结果可以帮助读者了解到更多有关于公司和科学研究之间的关系的有关内容何知识，同时，这也将有助于企业在其真实的情况中做出正确的决策。

People know that scientific research is also conducted by numerous firms as well as government institutions. However, seldom people understand the motivation for firms to link with scientific research and how the firms build the linkage. Most of them just take it as granted. This paper is going to reveal the firm’s motivations to link with scientific research and describe some major linking form between firm and scientific research. The source of scientific research is various, but the author has identified that it is crucial for firm to connect with its innovative source in an appropriate form. The paper will analyze the factors that should be considered when choosing the right form and a useful decision model will be demonstrate at last. The outcome of this paper helps readers to understand more about the relationship between firms and scientific research and will be helpful for decision making in real business situation.

引言---Introduction

Firms have been linking with scientific research for more than one hundred years. Some famous corporate laboratories such as Bell Laboratory and IBM Laboratory do have changed people’s way of living. Corporate Lab used to be the most common form taken by firms to link with scientific research in the past decades. However, this “do-it-yourself” mentality of closed innovation strategy no longer works well in some industries. More and more firms, under the pressure of high cost and high risk, are shifting from closed innovation strategy to an open strategy in order to seek innovations from external source (Herzog, 2008). For example, cooperate with universities. Universities focus on the basic research and firms in charge of applied research to put the findings from university to practical point which has a market needs. It is a truth that firms are less interested in basic research than before, because they think basic research is a luxury activity in today’s fierce market competition. US Firms’ basic research cost is decreased from 6 percent (percentage of sales) in1988 to 1.8 percent in 1992(Corcoran, 1994).To a further extend than cooperation, the new trend of outsourcing scientific research to other companies or institutes is the evidence that firms are really heavy pressure in the marketplace, they need more flexible and more cost-effective scientific research activities.

However, different forms for firms to link with scientific research have their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, outsourcing scientific research may relief the corporate financial pressure but it is likely to trigger fraud or achievement steal if contract law and intellectual property protection are weak in the society. For large corporations, inadequate linkage with scientific research squeezes the company’s profit; for small to medium companies, inappropriate linkage could directly send the company to bankruptcy. As linking with scientific research in an inappropriate way could be the inducement to business failure, this study will help managers understand m本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。