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英国留学英语architecture assignment 浅析公共广场的设计、功用与变迁

论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-11-20编辑:Cinderella点击率:8510

论文字数:3516论文编号:org201411181902046993语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文

关键词:architecturepublic squaredesign公共区域英语论文

摘要:广场从历史时期就被视作城市中心的公共区域。随着人类社会和城市的发展,广场的功能越来越多。 尽管世界上已经有了很多的公共广场,要去找到对其的评价标尺还是很具有挑战性。我们究竟想要从公共广场得到什么?我们怎样做才能够让一个广场更加富有魅力呢?本文对这些问题作出了探讨。

公共广场被定义为城市中心的公共区域。它始于至少6000年前,并且一直存在着。随着人类社会和城市的发展,广场的功能越来越多。最近,剧院、餐馆、博物馆都在广场上找到了它们的位置。城市本身就变成了博物馆,一个集合了难以计数的人类文化与经验的集合体。在现代交通诞生以后,私家汽车几乎摧毁了大部分公共空间。

 

克里斯托佛·亚历山大表示,那些仅仅残留在楼宇之间的户外空间,总的来说将不会再被使用了。要引起足够重要的是,广场已经取代了户外空间的大部分用途。理论上,我们可以说大型广场给了城市以独特的身份。 尽管世界上已经有了很多的公共广场,要去找到对其的评价标尺还是很具有挑战性。我们究竟想要从公共广场得到什么?我们怎样做才能够让一个广场更加富有魅力呢?

 

广场设计需求——The need in square design


首先,广场被有意识地用作一个聚会场所,通常与街道相近,并由周边建筑物形成其框架。因此,围墙圈地这个概念常常被争论。围墙的价值影响广场设计的成功这一点也处于争论中。

 

A public square is defined as an open area located in the heart of a city. It always existed, started at least 6000 years ago. The squares acquired more and more functions with the development of human society and the development of cities. In recent times, theaters, restaurants and museums are also finding their place on the squares. Cities themselves, are actually becoming museums, a collection of human experiences that preserve numerous cultural values. Particularly since the invention of motorized traffic, the individual vehicle has almost destroyed most of the open public spaces.

 

Christopher Alexander indicated that ‘Outdoor spaces which are merely “left over” between buildings will, in general, not be used.’ (1977, p. 518) It is important to note, square has taken over the most important responsibility of outdoor space. Theoretically, we could say great squares and plazas give identity to cities. Although there are already so many public squares all around the world, it is always a challenging job to find the criteria for public square. What we really want from a public square? What can make a square become more exciting?

 

The need in square design


First of all, square has been consciously used a gathering place, usually it has strong sense of enclosure and convenient connections to streets. It is usually refers as an area that framed by buildings. Therefore, the sense of enclosure is commonly argued. The value of enclosure affect the success of square is also argued.

 

Camillo Sitte (1989) derived a series of artistic principles. For Sitte, enclosure was the primary feeling of urbanity, and his overarching principle was that ‘public square should be enclosed entities’. He thought it should not be possible to see out of the square along more than one street at a time. Paul Zucker (1959) outlined types of urban squares. He indicated there are different types of square in visual dimension: the closed square, the dominated square, the nuclear square, grouped squares and the amorphous square. He thought that square does not have to be entirely close, it could be created by some recognizing b论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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