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5 Health and Social care trust replaced 18 of the 19 trusts on 1st April 2007. These 5 trusts in addition to the existing Northern Ireland Ambulance Services HSS Trust, will be managed by the Health and Social Care Authority.

These changes were first brought forward to ensure patient safety comes first by establishing and promoting links between hospitals and community based services. Larger trusts will promote integration within and across different Trusts, integration across professional groupings, integration across geographical area and integration between health and social services.

领导和管理——Leadership and Management

'Leadership is the use of non coercive influence to shape the group's or organisation's goals, motivate behaviour towards the achievement of those goals, and help define group or organisational culture' Yukl. G. (2002) defines leadership. There is a difference between management and leadership Kotter use the following table as a way of comparing management and leadership and this has been used as the definitive difference between both leadership and management.

Management

Leadership

Creating an agenda

Planning and Budgeting

Establishing Direction

Developing a human network for achieving the agenda

Organizing and Staffing

Aligning People

Execution

Controlling and Problem Solving

Motivating and Inspiring

Outcomes

Produces predictable and orderly results

Produces change

Many people can claim to be a good leader however very few would claim to be an effective leader. Effective leaders are those who command respect, confidence and trust in them. These people can communicate a message, and most importantly, who can make others want to follow them and influence the course of their actions - these people are people who 'makes things happen', L. Neider and C. Schriesheim (1988) define an effective leader as one who 'makes clear to subordinates that rewards and/or punishments are coming to them as a result of specific sets of their behaviours.' This just gives us two different perspectives on what makes an effective leader within an organisation.

Kotter's eight steps to success

'Successful change is 70 to 90 percent leadership and only 10 to 30 percent management.' Kotter (1995) explains that successful change is mainly down to leadership and not management. This quote along with Kotter's eight step model will be compared to the situation that occurred at the Southern Health and Social Care Trust.

First for there to be a successful the common errors of organisational change must first be brought forward. Kotter sets out 8 errors are that frequent during organisational change and these are:

Allowing too much complacency

Failing to create a sufficiently powerful guiding coalition

Underestimating the power of vision

Under communicating the vision by a factor of 10

Permitting obstacles to block the new vision

Failing to create short-term wins

Declaring victory too soon

忽视了企业文化的变化——Neglecting to anchor changes firmly in本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。