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MBA留学论文写作内容参考：组织绩效管理 Performance management in organisations

大多数组织依靠全面的无形资产来建立自己的组织价值观。对于任何组织来说，管理组织和个人在组织中的表现是非常重要的。相应的，重要的是要找出如何管理绩效随着时间的推移，以确保生产力和提高能力的员工和组织，以实现目标，以及减少营业额。
绩效管理是一个系统的过程，它与组织战略、资源、流程。可以说，绩效管理是企业的各级人员
当我们看到绩效管理在当今的商业世界中，我们可以说是综合集成：

Performance management 绩效管理
Most of the organization depend on comprehensively on intangible assets to build their values of organizations. For any organizations it is very important to manage the performance of the organization as well as individuals in the organization. Correspondingly it is important to figure out how to manage performance over time to ensure the productivity and to improve capability of employees and organization to achieve the goals as well as decrease turnover.

Performance management is a systematic process which has a link between organizational strategy, resources, and process. We can say performance management engage people at all level of enterprise (Institute of Management Accounts (1998))

When we look performance management in today’s business world, we can say it is integrated combination of:

Corporate / strategic performance management
Line / Tactical performance management
Operational performance management
Corporate or Strategic level of business decides where the business should be in a long run. In the other word, executives of this level create the vision of the business and the long run strategies such as where the business should be… whether to go for collaboration or go for new market with new product and so on…

Once the targets, goals and objectives of this level is decided next step is to achieve these goals. Therefor in this level it is very important to integrate the following:

Emergence of scorcards
Reporting
Financila consolidation
Forcasting
Budgeting
Planning
Next is line performance management. The managers must be accountable for their area of decisions, actions and outcome. The part of the organization under the control of manager is a responsible center for that manager. The area can be department, unit, product, plant, territory division or segment.

For the performance evaluation it is necessary to identify the specific characters of each responsible center since some are cost centers and some are profit centers. Therefor it is important to consider the core nature of the responsible center.

Moreover, Performance management is extensive management process framing continuous improvement journey by ensuring that everyone understand where the organization is and where it should be in future to meet stakeholders need. (Institute of Management Accounts, 1998)

According to Wayne W. Eckerson (www.tdwi.com) Performance management consist four steps virtuous cycle that involves

Creating strategy
Plans
Monitoring the execution of those plans
Adjusting activities and objectives to achieve strategic goals
This four-step wheel rotates around combined data and metrics, which Provide a measurement framework to scale the effectiveness of strategic and management processes.

According to Ashima Aggarwal and Gour Sundar Mitra Thakur (2013) traditional method of performance appraisal are mainly based on studying personal qualities such as leadership and judgment, loyalty of