英语论文网

在过去4-5年中印度的电力行业发生了巨大的改进，但是前进的道路并不顺利。有许多挑战需要克服，主要是由于面临着在我国的实施问题，实际上就是计划与实施之间存在差距。这篇论文强调了其中的一些差距，并试图分析这个问题。我们分析在行业盛行的风险，和克服这些所需的步骤。政府在这个部门的贡献和控制花费巨大，需要非常详细地加以研究。我们学习了奥里萨邦电力委员会的经验，借鉴它是如何实现的结论，并确定在电力部门私有化的未来实现效益的关键教训。

印度当前情况

整个电力行业，可分为三个部分—发电、输电、配电。截止2009年9月30，印度拥有世界第五大发电能力，在全球拥有装机容量为152 GW容量，2008年7月，全球发电量低于5％。安装印量为为167278.36万千瓦。

Privatization Of The Indian Power Sector Economics Essay

The power sector in India has witnessed tremendous improvements the last 4-5 years, the path forward however isn’t smooth. There are many challenges to overcome mainly due to the implementation problems faced in our country and the gap that exists between what is actually planned what is implemented. This term paper highlights some of these gaps and attempts to analyze the problem. We analyze the risks prevalent in the industry, and the steps required to overcome these. The government contribution and control over this sector has been immense and needs to be studied in great detail. We have then taken the case of the Orissa State Electricity Board and draw conclusions on how it was implemented and also identify the key lessons that would benefit in the future implementations of a power sector privatization.

CURRENT SCENARIO IN INDIA

The power sector on the whole can be divided into three parts Generation, Transmission and Distribution. India has the fifth largest generation capacity in the world with an installed capacity of 152 GW as on 30 September 2009 [1] , which is less than 5% of the global power generation. The installed capacity of India as of July 2008 was 167278.36 MW. The power generation in India is basically fuel based of which thermal power generation dominates. The graph below shows the various means used to generate power and also that thermal power for which coal is a prime input.

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Though the emphasis has always been there on the power sector through government spending and the five year plans, the implementation of power projects have always been a concern. The planned targets have hardly been achieved. The Indian government has allocated huge budgets and set ambitious goals to achieve in the 11th plan, which if successful could lead to a huge expansion in the power generation. However, over the years we have always seen a mismatch between the planned targets and the achievements. This trend can be observed from the graph below –

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Already the targets for the first few years of the 11th five year plans have not been achieved. Some of the reasons can also be attributed to the shortage of fuel for generation of power. Even in the transmission and distribution sector there has been investments planned to handle the additional capacity.

DOMINANCE OF STATE AND CENTRAL UTILITIES

There was a general belief that the power sector had to be vertically integrated with the generation, transmission and distribution being controlled by a monopoly player. Since, power was vital for the economic growth, it had to be in the hands of the government. So in India also, the entire power sector was controlled by the government through the State Electricity Boards and Central Agencies. The power sector had a very low share of private players operating. The graph below shows the d