摘要:本论文主要阐述了有关于美国企业社会责任的法律法规,由于美国社会和环境问题不断出现,美国政府采取立法手段来解决这些环境问题,并且举了很多具体的例子,让读者深入了解美国企业社会责任的法律法规。
美国企业社会责任的法律法规
由于20世纪60年代末和70年代初兴起的社会和环境问题,美国政府决定通过法律来解决这些问题。所采取的立法包括污染和危险废物控制(如联邦水污染控制法,清洁空气法案修正案1977),工作场所(如职业安全与健康法1970,平等就业机会法1972)和消费者保护(如消费者产品安全法案,联邦危险物质法案)(赫斯,2001)。虽然公司必须符合国家和联邦政府的要求,但没有要求向公众报告他们的表现。在20世纪90年代,当公司使用企业社会责任报告作为损害控制的时候,报告再次出现。例如,埃克森美孚用企业社会责任报告的漏油事故后,耐克也被指责在南洋违反童工标准。但是问题在于,不具有可比性和一致性标准,目前的报告只代表有偏见的营销活动。[ 1 ]
Legal Provisions For Csr Under Usa
Due to the social and environmental concerns that arose in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the US government passed laws to address the issues. The legislation adopted included pollution and hazardous waste control (e.g. Federal Water Pollution Control Act, The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977), the workplace (e.g. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972) and consumer protection (e.g. The Consumer Product Safety Act, The Federal Hazardous Substances Act) (Hess, 2001). While companies had to meet the requirements set by the state and federal government, there was no requirement on reporting their performance to the public. Reporting came to the forefront again in the 1990s when companies used CSR reports as damage control. For example, Exxon-Mobil used CSR reporting after the Valdez oil spill, as did Nike after accusations of violating child labour standards in Southeast Asia. The problem with this is that without comparability and consistency standards the current reports merely represent biased marketing campaigns. [1]
In reaction to early regulation, there was a purposeful move by corporations to set up government affairs positions to administer their relations with Washington. Corporate lobbyists engage policy makers to define legislation that is advantageous to their business. In turn, supervisory body groups representing the public lobby congress to ensure that social, environmental and economic development concerns are measured against corporate concerns. As a result, the internal CSR movement is well defined, regulated and disseminated in an effort to influence the public and Congress. [2]
In USA, the
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) team in the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs leads the Department's engagement with U.S. businesses in the promotion of responsible and ethical business practices. The mission of the CSR office is to: [3]
Promote a holistic approach to CSR to complement the EB Bureau's mission of building economic security and fostering sustainable development at home and abroad.
Provide guidance and support for American companies engaging in socially responsible, forward-thinking corporate activities that complement U.S. foreign policy and the principles of the Secretary's Award for Corporate Excellence (ACE) program.
Build on this synergy, working with multinational companies, civil society, labour groups, environmental advocates, and others to encourage the adoption of corporate policies that help companies 'do well by doing good.'
In sum, U.S. progress to date has been partial and issue-specific. Â There is no signal of enough force to prompt most U.S. corporations to develop human rights policies and procedures except for the largest, brand-facing companies, many of which have these in place anyway. But the United States cannot afford to ignore the issue. It needs t
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