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riety of research disciplines that include the fundamental fields of expatriate management research. Therefore, the results reported in this study are not limited to any specific field or area, which confirm the true interdisciplinary nature of the expatriate management field.

With the identification of the potential databases containing expatriate-related raw entries, appropriate search procedures needed to be adopted. Historically, three search strategies could be used to build the databases for citation and co-citation analysis: the key-word approach (using keywords to search relevant literature), the journal approach (using all publications from certain journals for certain areas as boundaries to collect relevant raw entries), and the title approach (using the titles of publications to identify raw entries). We adopted the key-word search strategy to deal with the challenges of dispersed publications of expatriate studies in a variety of venues. To acquire published studies related to expatriates, we searched the online Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) with all possible derivatives and combinations of the following nine terms: expatriates, international managers, international assignments, international leaders, international careers, global managers, global assignments, global leaders, and global careers. The reason to include many key words is that the work of expatriate has been expanded to a variety of terms as listed above. In order to reflect these changes, the coauthors discussed and came up with the extensive (not necessarily comprehensive) list of terms related to expatriate management studies. This search strategy yielded 793 journal articles with 17716 citations.

Data Set and Co-citations Analyses

Citations are considered to be an authentic and reliable indicator of scientific communication (Small, 1978; Garfield, 1979) and a basis for the identification of “invisible colleges,” i.e., research networks that refer to each other in their documents without necessarily being linked by formal organizational ties (Price, 1965; Crane, 1972; Lievrouw, 1989). Co-citation is the frequency with which two documents or authors are cited together by more recent papers (Alger, 1996). The basic assumption behind co-citation is that documents that are frequently cited together by succeeding works are related in subject matter. The essential notion is that the more frequently the two publications are co-cited, the stronger their linkage. In co-citation analysis, the data compiled are counts of the number of times two works: individual documents, authors' works, and/or journal titles-are jointly cited in later publications (McCain, 1991). Therefore, co-citation analysis has been considered an efficient method to measure relationships and linkages between authors, papers, and journals to describe mainstream, or the leading edge research in science (Tsay, 2003).

To start our analyses, we examined the data set of 793 articles and 17716 citations published between 1957 and 2006 and developed graphs to reflect the development of the expatriate management field by graphing the numbers of articles (and citations) from this data set against the years (see Figure 1 and 2). In these Figures it is clear that the field of e本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。