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My Understanding for the Term ‘Transnational Organized Crime’
Transnational organized crimes (TOCs) destroy the social and economic environment as well as national and citizen’s interests of the various states, and treat the peace and security of the international social. The globalization beginning in the 1990s has helped criminal organizations expand their activities and gain global reach. ‘Transnational criminal organizations have also exploited expanding financial markets and rapid technological developments.’   So, the criminals use the advanced communication and transportation tools to easily get away from the reconnaissance and arrest of the enforcement authorities. It is difficult for these authorities of the various states to trail such crime activities and income sources and take the effective actions to combat and prevent such crimes. Therefore, in order to effectively combat the TOC, the close international cooperation is necessary and the multi-lateral conventions shall be established.

Definition of Transnational Organized Crime
Kinds of Transnational Organized Crime

Bibliography
1. John R. Wagley, ‘Transnational Organized Crime: Principal Threats and U.S. Responses’,
https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33335.pdf
2. ‘UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME’,
https://www.uncjin.org/Documents/Conventions/dcatoc/final_documents_2/convention_eng.pdf.
3. Peter Yam Tat-wing, ‘TRIADS’, https://www.unafei.or.jp/english/pdf/PDF_rms/no58/58-04.pdf.
4. Neil Boister, ‘Transnational criminal law? ’, EJIL (2003), Vol. 14 No. 5, 953–976, Page 954, 966.
5. Alberto R. Gonzales, Regina B. Schofield, David W. Hagy, ‘Asian Transnational Organized Crime and Its Impact on the United States’, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/214186.pdf.
6. Bartosz H. Stanislawski and Margaret G. Hermann, ‘Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and WMD’,
https://www.cidcm.umd.edu/carnegie/papers/stanislawski_hermann.pdf.
7. ‘Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court’, https://www.icc-cpi.int/library/about/officialjournal/Rome_Statute_120704-EN.pdf.
8. TENTH UNITED NATIONS CONGRESS ON THE PREVENTION OF CRIME AND THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS, ‘Fighting Transnational Organized Crime’, https://www.un.org/events/10thcongress/2088f.htm.

 论文题目：Transnational Organised Crime（由一大一小两篇论文及一篇讲话稿构成）
课程专业：预防跨国犯罪课程
学校背景：澳大利亚卧龙岗大学（是重点大学）
字数：共计7000字左右（不含脚注和Bibliography，讲话稿1000-1500字，小论文不超过1000字，大论文4500-5000字）
要求：
1、Oral Presentation的讲稿具体要求详见论文写作要求，最好8月9号同参考资料可一并给我，我这边也尽快找些相关文章，随后附上；
2、大论文和小论文写作方法要求与之前的各课程论文同。
3、“参考书目”由负责老师按照我提供的方法查找，由于除了这门之外还有很多论文，时间还和上学期一样非常紧张，所以需要我找任何相关资料请及时与我沟通。负责老师论文中所用资料电子版请随论文最后一并给我（或说明具体查找方法也可）。
4、大论文定了题目和提纲及写作思路后请负责老师尽快给我最好在8月19日之前吧，以便与授课老师迅速进行沟通交流开展写作。
截稿时间：Oral Presentation讲稿-8月9日 / 小论文：9月8日 / 大论文：拟定的题目和提纲及写作思路-8月19日，最后交稿-10月13日。 
学校背景：澳洲排名前十
补充要求：Oral Presentation讲稿-8月9日，大论文拟定的题目和提纲及写作思路-8月19日。