英语论文网

英国在20世纪90年代末，在内政部门专门设立了国家犯罪情报局，2004年该局并入新组建的国家打击有组织犯罪局。作为情报主管部门，他们在苏格兰、英格兰、北爱尔兰都设有办事机构，经费直接由中央政府拨款，其采取各种手段广泛收集信息，分门别类，建立情报信息库，研究犯罪的发展趋势，中央和地方各级侦查部门实现情报信息共享，大大降低了司法成本。

England in the 20th century in the late 1990s , in the internal affairs department set up a special National Criminal Intelligence Bureau , in 2004 the council incorporated into the newly formed National Organized Crime Bureau . As intelligence authorities, they are in Scotland , England , Northern Ireland, with offices , funded directly by the central government grants , which are widely adopted various means to gather information, categorized, establishing intelligence information database, research crime trends, the central and local investigation department to achieve intelligence information sharing , greatly reducing the cost of justice .

除了英国，美国在情报信息工作方面也是非常的细致，他们有著名的情报信息平台系统，如美国金融犯罪执法网络、国家刑事犯罪信息中心、国家执法电子通讯系统等。其中美国国家刑事犯罪中早在1920年就建立，他的司法服务处向全美19000个执法机构提供刑事司法信息服务，各个不同执法部门情报信息中心之间互相联网，以便于进行情报的交换和查询，并严格规定，只有提供了情报信息的部门，才能享受反馈的情报信息资料，不提供就不能享受情报信息技术中心的信息支援。

In addition to the United Kingdom , the United States intelligence work is very meticulous , they have the famous intelligence information platform system , such as the U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network , National Crime Information Center , the National Law Enforcement electronic communication systems. Which the United States National Crime in early 1920 on the establishment of his judicial services at the nation's 19,000 law enforcement agencies in the criminal justice information services, various law enforcement intelligence information centers networked with each other in order to facilitate exchange of information and queries and strict rules, only provide intelligence and information sectors , in order to enjoy the feedback of intelligence information , do not provide intelligence information can not enjoy the support of the information technology center .

Singapore 's Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau also has a special intelligence group , it can be seen whether Western or Eastern countries , those in the prevention and combating such crimes have work experience in advanced countries do not have to run an exceptional standard, smooth circulation specialized intelligence agencies .

From the legislative level, although China's " constitution" and " Criminal ," " Criminal Procedure ," and Central Discipline Inspection Commission , Supreme People's Procuratorate and other relevant provisions in both laws and regulations on the protection of whistleblowers , but these regulations are simple and general . In the criminal procedure law , a complete and independent criminal procedural rules implemented by the substantive rules and rules constituted , but the whistleblower rules are mostly substantive rules, no implementing rules , even without remedy , it not to mention maneuverability, eventually only become a " manifesto ."

So, in the legislation, we should pay more attention to the relevant national whistleblower protection to carry out the specific legal provisions on legislative work , focusing beforehand protection, use legal means to strengthen whistleblower remedies . Caution malicious accusation , retaliation against crime to be investigated for criminal liability for whistleblowers , reduced from more legal aspects of whistleblower concerns, so that it