中英死亡委婉语对比分析Death Euphemisms Between Chinese and English: A Contrastive Analysis [6]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:刘宝玲点击率:34759
论文字数:26000论文编号:org200904091747052664语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:死亡委婉语文化差异Deatheuphemismculturedifference
ms, but most of them are without religious origin. They are more often used within the religious circles as they take on register labels.
Both Taoism and Buddhism are playing important roles in China. According to Taoism, it uphold the belief that “living beyond life and death is only mean for a spiritual state” in the survival of the spirit after death. Taoists believe birth is not a beginning, and death is not an end. “death” is just a change from life to another kind of existence, so death is called “驾返瑶池”,”忽返道山”, “蓬岛归真”. “仙” is an immortals words in China. “登仙”(dengxian) (lit. to go to the immortals), “仙逝”(xianshi) ( lit. to pass away to be among the immortals), or “仙去”(xianqu) (lit. to go as immortals), “仙游”(xianyou)(lit. to travel as immortals), which means that flesh and blood turns into immortal spirit. Crane was adopted as the symbol of longevity in China, so “化鹤”(huahe) (lit. to become the crane) and “跨鹤”(kuahe) (lit. to ride on a crane) occurred. Buddhism is more familiar with us than Taoism. For Buddhism, death euphemism is a doorway through which one passes into a different nature depend on one’s attitude towards death. Buddhists believe in cyclical birth and rebirth, the significance of life is only to provide ground for the eternal happiness after one’s death by means of doing good and removing evil in this world. If a Buddhist monk practices Buddhism to a successful end, he will pass away while sitting cross-legged, in a peaceful mind. There are many phrases to used to express death in Buddhism, “坐化”(zuohua) (lit. to be converted while sitting),圆寂”(yuanji). “升天”(shengtian) ( lit. to go to heaven) “到极乐世界”(daojileshijie) (lit. to go to the world of happiness). These phrase almost used by people who contribute to others during one’s life. On the other hand, “见阎王”(jianyanwang) (lit. to meet the God of Death), “下地狱”(xiadiyu) (lit. to go to the heel) are used to express evil people will suffer malicious tortures after death. ( 张拱贵 1996)
Christianity has a dominant influence on the English-speaking nations and Christianity creeds become the ethnical rules abided by the western communities. A huge amount of English death euphemisms are of religious origin, for instance. Sir Walter Scott’s “sleep the sleep that knows not breaking” also has religious origin. “Asleep” performs the same function. The dead is “asleep in the Arms of God”, or “asleep in the Lord” and “fall asleep” is a favorite death euphemism carved on gravestones and in obituary notices. Human beings are significant because God created them, God made them by earth, thus after death, men will eventually returns to earth. God is the master of all creatures and men are bound to be called to God and answer the final summons. They hand in their account pending the last judgment make by God. A more peremptory attitude on the part of God and his agents is expressed by “take” and “gather”, both of which are widely used with euphemism prepositional phrases as “ God took her to himself”, or “ He was gathered to his fathers or ancestors”.
Since most people practice Christianity, it is not surprising that those death euphemisms with religious hue have turned into the common core of English language and accepted by people even non-religious ones or non-Christians. As Neaman & Silver(1983) found that a group of parents with their children under sixteen who were questioned about how to break the news of somebody’s death to a child, rather than half had used some form of euphem
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