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 论文编号：
lw200701122206316465 |
| 论文属性：
Courswork |
| 论文语言：English |
| 论文国家：U.K. |
| 登出日期： 2007-01-12 |
| 字数： 4750 |
| 源程序：
无 |
| 价格：
免费论文 |
| 注明： |
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| 论文大纲，目录 |
| 关键词搜索：Free Trade Environment Protection |
labelling per se was not a trade restriction and the law did not impose any quantitative or qualitative restriction on imports from any destination. It also alleged the law was not discriminatory in nature because it applied to any tropical timber or tropical timber product, irrespective of the country of export or origin. However, faced with likelihood of losing the case if it were to be referred to the GATT Panel, Austria amended its law. Under the amended law the labelling requirement is (like any other eco-labelling program) voluntary, and the quality mark can now be issued to all kinds of timber and timber products from sustainable managed forest.
From the discussion above we can see that the eco-label is an effective way to protect environment and has less negative implication to free trade. In order to avoid dispute the key issue is that the trade impact of ever-growing environmental labelling programs will depend substantially on how the schemes are administered. This is also recognised by the CTE, which stated "well-designed eco-labelling schemes/programs can be effective instruments of environmental policy to encourage the development of an environmentally-conscious consumer."25
Aiming to the effectiveness of eco-labelling schemes, the following proposals should be incorporated into the Eco-labelling program in the future:
Harmonisation. There are many different Eco-labelling scheme standards among different labelling scheme countries in the worl英语论文网 【http://www.51lunwen.org】d, even some are diverse. At the same time, different standards increase costs for producers if they have to meet a variety of labelling requirements in different countries. Harmonisation can help mitigate the adverse effects and decrease the cost of products while maintaining environmental goal. It is important to small foreign suppliers and those from the developing countries.
Mutual Recognition. It means to recognise the validity of divergent environmental criteria and ensures that trade interests are not unduly affected by this diversity. It can escape the condemn of discrimination and extrajurisdiction. Mutual Recognition will be much easier between countries having compatible levels of economic development.
Transparency. Because eco-labelling scheme primarily focus on domestic condition, it is difficult for foreign producers to gain access to the information to comply with those schemes. Promoting transparency to all interested parties, including exporting and developing countries, can help the interest of other countries, and facilitate environmental objectives and trade. It also can alleviate political pressure from other countries.
Technical Assistance. Providing technical assistance to developing countries may help reduce the potential negative trade effects of environmental labelling on developing countries. Technical assistance can play an important role in helping developing countries establish their own programs and will consequently lead to in
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