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 论文编号：
lw200707250738407077 |
| 论文属性：
Notes |
| 论文语言：English |
| 论文国家：U.K. |
| 登出日期： 2007-07-25 |
| 字数： 5000 |
| 源程序：
无 |
| 价格：
免费论文 |
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| 论文大纲，目录 |
| 关键词搜索：Government Public Policy Political Communication Communication |
goals” (p. 21). Ingenuity is not confined to
new ideas; rather, older ideas with explanatory value are also useful. In a Western
economy increasingly invested in the production of symbols, services, and highly
engineered goods, ingenuity compares with capital and labour for significance in terms
of how we define wealth and productivity.
There are two kinds of ingenuity: (i) technical ingenuity, i.e., ingenuity that helps us to
solve problems in our physical world; and (ii) social ingenuity, i.e., ingenuity that helps
us meet the challenges we face in our social world. Social ingenuity is a prerequisite to
technical ingenuity: we need to be able to see problems, rethinking how we interpret
and experience the world, before we can find the technologies appropriate to the
situation. The more complex the world becomes and the more serious its problems, the
more ingenuity we require. For this reason, there is a pressing need to ensure a
continuing supply of ingenuity in society, a need that has motivated Homer-Dixon to
write this book on what ingenuity is and how to foster its development.
The biggest obstacle to ingenuity isn’t in the scientific and technological community.
Rather, it lies with society at large, insofar as new inventions are subject to competition by vested interests and stakeholders that stalls or prevents their implementation.
Consider the Ballard fuel cell technology developed by Ballard Power Systems in 英语论文网 【http://www.51lunwen.org】
Vancouver; they are creators of hydrogen fuel cells, energy sources that are pollution-
free and promise to replace the internal combustion engine. While governments
continue to spend massive resources to subsidize the auto industry, fuel cells are
underfunded and have been slow to market, even though they promise to contribute
significantly to the creation of a hydrogen economy and the improvement of the global
warming crisis.
The ingenuity gap—the difference between a society’s supply of fresh ideas and the
demand for them—is large and growing in Western societies. The economic prosperity
and democratic health of societies will be increasingly dependent on whether they can
manage the gap. On the supply side, Western societies benefit by improved education,
the freer exchange of ideas with new communications technologies like the Internet,
and the relative freedom in liberal societies to question and debate. On the demand
side, we now find ourselves in a world that, in a mere two hundred years, has traveled
from rural simplicity to urban complexity. We now inhabit an environment that may be
too complex for us to survive. “To one degree or another,” Homer-Dixon writes (p. 26),
“all human societies are locked in a race between a soaring requirement for ingenuity
and an uncertain supply.”
c. the problem with economic optimism
While ingenuity gaps may appear to be abstract phenomena, their absence leads to
real and material proble
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