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 论文编号：
lw200707250738407077 |
| 论文属性：
Notes |
| 论文语言：English |
| 论文国家：U.K. |
| 登出日期： 2007-07-25 |
| 字数： 5000 |
| 源程序：
无 |
| 价格：
免费论文 |
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| 论文大纲，目录 |
| 关键词搜索：Government Public Policy Political Communication Communication |
am 2 presents on their choice of topic in the Campaign 640 discussion board.
2.4 Public Sphere
Instructor-led discussion on week’s readings, podcasts, and unit notes.
2.5 Campaign 640: Team 2 Facilitates Class wide Discussion
Team 2 moderates discussion on the Campaign 640 discussion board.
2.6 Research paper or critical book review due
E-mail proposal to instructor.
2.7 Campaign 640: Team 3: Third Team Presentation
Team 3 presents on their choice of topic in the Campaign 640 discussion board.
2.8 MSN chat on concepts in unit 2
Instructor facilitates optional MSN chat on concepts from unit 2.
Unit One Notes: Week One
Keywords for week one:
public sphere incunabula grotesque realism the carnivalesque
aesthetic
1. Context and Perspective: Gutenberg (1397-1468) and his legacy
a. the history of early media
Johannes Gutenberg, a German inventor and metalworker, had a problem. He was making a
meager living as a manufacturer of souvenir mirrors for religious pilgrims, and incurring debt.
He knew there was easy money to be made in the sale of “indulgences”—certificates sold to
pilgrims that earned them time off from suffering in purgatory after death but before entering
heaven. But the production of the certificates by hand, the only way of producing text, was
labour-intensive and time-consuming.
Gutenberg decided that the fastest way to publish indulgences—think of them as licenses to
sin—was to m英语论文网 【http://www.51lunwen.org】echanize the writing process. So he created metal molds for letters, then filled
them with a molten lead alloy to create cast letters. The cast letters were uniform in size, and
could be aligned on a frame. Once aligned in the desired order—forming the words desired for
a page—the frame was inked and then pressed against parchment or vellum, producing
Europe’s first printed text in 1450 CE. (Note that BCE—before common era, and CE—common
era—have replaced in common usage the Christian means of marking epochs, BC and AD.)
The British Library’s collection of Gutenberg bibles can be seen here:
http://www.bl.uk/treasures/gutenberg/homepage.html
After printing indulgences, in 1452 Gutenberg began his now-historic project of publishing the
Christian Bible. Hand-copied books took a monk a year to produce; the new printing press
could produce books, pamphlets, and other printed materials at a mere fraction of the cost and
time it took to transcribe. What followed was an explosive growth in printing so great that the
Canadian communication theorist Marshall McLuhan christened the new era the “Gutenberg
galaxy.” Between 1450 and 1500, more than twenty million books were published; between
1500 and 1600, the number of printed books grew to between 200 and 300 million.
But Gutenberg left behind more than the world’s first mass-manufactured commodity, the
printed book. His invention, one preceded by the Chinese inventor Bi Sheng in the year
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