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 论文编号：
lw200707250738407077 |
| 论文属性：
Notes |
| 论文语言：English |
| 论文国家：U.K. |
| 登出日期： 2007-07-25 |
| 字数： 5000 |
| 源程序：
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| 论文大纲，目录 |
| 关键词搜索：Government Public Policy Political Communication Communication |
1045
CE and his development of movable type, changed the culture of Europe and the West
forever.
b. the problem of the public sphere
In his famous 1962 book, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, Jürgen
Habermas defines the public sphere as follows:
“The bourgeois public sphere may be conceived above all as the sphere of private
people come together as a public; they soon claimed the public sphere regulated from
above against the public authorities themselves, to engage them in a debate over the
general rules governing relations in the basically privatized but publicly relevant sphere
of commodity exchange and social labor. The medium of this political confrontation was
peculiar and without historical precedent: people's public use of their reason.” (p. 27)
The “public sphere” is a concept familiar to students of communication. It is the favourite
metaphor of those wanting to give material form to the necessary but intangible role of
communication in liberal democracy. A concept associated with Habermas, a neo-Pragmatist
theorist and second-generation Frankfurt School scholar, the “public sphere” is a theoretical
abstraction that loses some of its explanatory power when it is presented in an ahistorical
form. Even the term itself—public sphere—confronts us with a cool geometric quality so
indifferent to the fact that the conversation out of which modern Western political life has
emerged is one that has bee英语论文网 【http://www.51lunwen.org】n shouted in town squares, sprayed on walls, and splashed
across headlines.
Briggs and Burke, in a chapter entitled “The Media and the Public Sphere in Early Modern
Europe” from their 2002 book A Social History of the Media,give the public sphere a much-
needed historical identity in the early modern world. By early modern Europe, we mean the
1500-1800 CE period, one comprising the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, the
Reformation, the rise of the nation-state, the beginning of capitalism, the printing press, and so
many other developments significant to the world we know today. Today, we take for granted
our somewhat precarious media system, our freedom of expression, and the bewildering
variety of means by which we can communicate. The public sphere, itself the defining socio-
political context and ethical foundation of media culture in liberal democratic societies, was not born without difficulty or price.
c. the early days of the public sphere
Briggs and Burke begin by giving us some early glimpses of democratic communication even
before democracy could be said to have existed. A small male elite of nobles and merchants
th
participated in vivid public debate in the Renaissance Italian city-states of the 13-15
th
centuries, where they practiced the vita civile of the politically astute citizen. In the 16
century
Reformation, the “first major ideological conflict in which printed matter played a role,” religious
strif
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