ce.
What is a Proxy Server?
A device positioned between a web browser and the Internet and which monitors data being accessed on a website. If particular data on a site is being requested for the first time the Proxy Server checks first with the real website before releasing this data. However once data has been released it will be held on the Proxy Server and can be released to any future users without having to check first with the real website. Note that the user is not aware that he/she is dealing with a dummy site.
What is a Secure Web Server?
A secure web server is essential to establishing trust in business relationships. The two basic security steps are:
· Two Key Encryption
· Digital Certificates
Users can check if a website is ’secure’ by checking for an encryption symbol. On Internet Explorer the symbol is a yellow padlock. Also the Digital Certificate can be located on the website.
What are Seals Of Approval?
These are being developed as a means of giving users a degree of comfort as to the reliability of a website. Several organisations now provide such seals although at present there is no common standard. The Department of Trade and Industry in the UK is currently trying to set minimum standards.
英语论文网 【http://www.51lunwen.org】>The certifying authority reviews the website’s procedures, primarily in the areas of security, privacy and delivery, and tests to ensure that these are complied with. WebTrust is an example of such seals and is administered by the professional accountancy bodies.
Miscellaneous Issues
Business may lead the drive for an improvement in standards and the adoption of international rules. For example the initiatives on the International Standard on Information Security Management ISO/IEC17799-BS7799.
Privacy and Data Protection. Although these issues will be addressed in a separate topic, it has to be stated that under the UK Data Protection Act 1998, the Seventh Principle states that appropriate technological and organisational measures must be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing, accidental loss of, destruction or damage to personal data.
Relevant Legislation
International Law
UNCITRAL Model Law on E-Signatures with guide to Enactment 2001 (This Model must also be read with the UNCITRAL Model Law on E-Commerce 1996 and 1998)The E-Signature Model Law is based on article 7 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce 1996.
EU Provisions
E-Signatures Directive 1999/93
E-Commerce Directive 2000/31
E-signatures will be treated in the same way as hand-written signatures if;
It is
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