al services such as the administering of electronic money by the performance of operational and other ancillary functions related to its issuance, and the issuing and administering of other means of payment but excluding the granting of any form of credit; and
(b) the storing of data on the electronic device on behalf of other undertakings or public institutions.
Article 3(1)
Redeemability
A bearer of electronic money may, during the period of validity, ask the issuer to redeem it at par value in coins and bank notes or by a transfer to an account free of charges other than those strictly necessary to carry out that operation.
Topic Activities
1. Identify and explain the different types of e-money available. Investigate a number of websites/e-cash systems and identify the pros and cons of each system.
2. Should e-money be anonymous like real money or should it be identifiable?
Further Reading
Paul Todd, E-commerce Law, Cavendish, 2005, Chapter 11.
Q - when is a mobile phone company not a mobile phone company? A - when it issues e-money, Compliance Monitor 2005, 14(6) 21
Making Sense of Electronic Money, Kohlbach, JILT 2004 (1) http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/2004_1/kohlbach/
PayPal, the legal status of C2C payment systems, Gonzalez, CL&SR, Vol. 20 No.4 2004, 235-240
Electronic Payments – The Smart Card, Part 1, Simon Newman and Gavin Sutter, CL&SR, Vol. 18 No.4 2002英语论文网 【http://www.51lunwen.org】, 235-240
Electronic Payments – The Smart Card, Part 2, Simon Newman and Gavin Sutter, CL&SR, Vol. 18 No.5 2002, 307-313
Flood Control on the Information Ocean: Living With Anonymity, Digital Cash, and Distributed Databases A. Michael Froomkin 15 U. Pittsburgh Journal of Law and Commerce 395 (1996)
http://www.law.miami.edu/~froomkin/articles/oceanno.htm#xtocid583121
E-Commerce Law and Practice, Chissick and Kelman, 3rd. ed. Sweet and Maxwell 2002.
E-Money Directive And Mobile Commerce, Merry, ITLT November 2004
References
Money
http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/origins.html#what
http://money.zezenetwork.com/articles/what_is_money.htm
E-money
http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/emoney.html
http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/emoneyfaq.html
http://cism.bus.utexas.edu/resources/ecfaq/ecfaqd3.html
http://www.emoneysystems.com/home.html
http://www.bankrate.com/brm/news/emoney/guidetoemoney.asp
http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/story/0,3605,689886,00.html
http://www.it-director.com/article.php?articleid=2320
http://insight.zdnet.co.uk/business/legal/0,39020487,2109247,00.htm
http://econwpa.wustl.edu/eps/mac/papers/0108/0108001.pdf
http://www.ecashdirect.co.uk/
Financial Services Authority
http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/elm_forms/
http://www.fsa.gov.uk/handbook/legal_instruments/elm_instruments.html
Smart card
http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci213004,00.html
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