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quest, refusal,inferring implied meaning and addressing respectively, no researches have beencombined them all in one till now. Thus, this thesis can fill the void of it. Althoughnumerous empirical researches have been carried out to investigate the EFL or ESLleaner’s pragmatic competence both at home and abroad, few studies are made bythree instruments at the same time. This thesis is based on the combination ofquestionnaire, role play and interview to investigate the pragmatic competence ofcollege students in Tianjin University of Technology. Some scholars concern therelationship between pragmatic competence and other affecting factors. Someresearchers strengthen the teaching method of pragmatic competence. Few studiescombine different testing methods to provide reliable and valid data.Also, compared with the substantial body of studies made to research thepragmatic competence of ESL or EFL students, it is likely to notice that the researchesmade in EFL settings which bring about serious challenges to the teaching ofpragmatics are limited. Thus, it is hoped that this thesis can provide the interlanguageEnglish pragmatics research with the pragmatic competence like request, refusal,inferring implicature and addressing by Chinese college students.
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Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Previous Studies on Pragmatic Competence Abroad
Pragmatic competence is one of the main goals in English teaching, which is alsothe weak point of most language learners. It attracts many scholars’ attention thatnumerous researches have been made both home and abroad.Pragmatics is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics which correlates withmany other disciplines. The relationship between the disciplines is deep rooted,complementary, interactive and saturated (Ran, 2006). Most researches made so farare from different perspectives. Under the discursive pragmatics which is thecombination of pragmatics and discourse, figure of speech, genre, humor, discourseanalysis, cohesion and coherence and so on, have been made. In the area ofexperimental pragmatics, most speech acts like request, apology, refusal, gratitude, orpragmatic competence draw many scholars’ attention. Some analyze the affectingfactors of interaction in specific situations, such as politeness, listener response。Previous researches about pragmatic competence under various labels: speechacts, conversational implicatures, routines, indirect utterances and implied speaker’sintentions. The researches touch the linguistic proficiency effect on pragmaticcompetence, the development of pragmatic competence, the relationship betweenpragmatic competence and production. Also, many researches examine learner’spragmatic use of politeness features like honorifics, speech styles and address terms.Teaching pragmatics is beneficial to second and foreign language learners (Kasper,1997; Kasper & Rose, 2006). These researches are mainly made in the areas of speechacts and conversational implicatures. Some scholars study the professionally definedor formulaic interactional patterns, such as, lawyer and client, doctor and patient,interviewer and interviewee, officer and citizen (Lehtinen, 2007; Lipovsky, 2006; Vander Houwen, 2009; Marsden & Holmes, 2013). The result of interaction betweenpatients and doctors shows that there is an information gap between doctors andpatients, and doctors need to communicate with patients frequently. And also empathycan help pati