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eful introductions to the subject of electronic money include Furche and Wrightson 1996; Lynch and Lundquist 1996; E. Solomon 1997. 
6. E. Solomon 1997 prefers the term "cybermoney." 
7. The Bank for International Settlements (2000) provides a detailed survey of prepaid electronic money products. For further detail, see Singleton 1995; Furch and Wrightson 1996, ch. 5; Stewart 1997. 
8. For more information on these fledgling units, see their respective web sites. For Flooz: www.flooz.com. For Beenz: www.beenz.com. For Cybergold: www.cybergold.com. For iPoints: www.ipoints.co.uk. 
9. Most popular, according to The Economist (2000), is Beenz, with less than three-quarters of a million customers as of early 2000. Next comes Flooz, with some 450,000 users. 
10. Today only one e-money, Cybergold, can actually be converted into conventional money. All others, for now, can only be used for the purchase of goods and services (i.e., they are commodity-convertible but not currency-convertible). 
11. A similar argument is made by Weatherford 1997. 
12. Kobrin (1998) has used the same allusion in a related context. 
13. See e.g., Vaubel 1986; Selgin 1988; Glasner 1989; White 1989. 
14. These benefits are discussed in Cohen 1998: ch. 6 
15. The challenge was underestimated by early analysts, such as Furche and Wrightson 1996 or Berentsen 1998, who saw electronic money as an alternative to central-bank currency only, excluding reservable deposits. 
16. BIS 1996: 7. For other citations, see Helleiner 1998: 29. 
17. The parallels between Hayek's vision of denationalized money and the anticipated era of e-money have been noted inter alia by More 1995; Macintosh 1998; Helleiner 1999; Issing 1999; The Economist 1999.

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