以教职工的发展看美国教育学论文的写作
论文作者:jessica论文属性:课程作业 Coursework登出时间:2014-11-03编辑:jessica点击率:11579
论文字数:5242论文编号:org201411012054392369语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:学校school发展develop计划plan员工staff
摘要:教师是学校的支柱,同样也拥有学校的规划发展,那么教职员工在学校的规划发展中占有多大比例呢?该论文重点分析研究了学校发展与教职员工的关系。以及教职员工在学校里占据的地位。
教职员工的发展促进学校的发展
前言
X学校的教职员工拥有对于学习的发展归划权:过程评估。‘发展归划’条例是1991年正式进入学校的,过去的计划形势并不是为了员工个人使用而出版的。或许它缺乏组织技巧。警官则认为老师感觉需要介入到学校发展的计划过程,而且也得为个人使用去复制文件,学习发展计划作为学校的一种方式:去评估目前它的状态,意识到自己的挑战,确认处理他们的方法,为改善学校做出必要的改变,帮助评估学校的的成功的地方。(哈格里夫斯和霍普金斯,1991)。
最成功的学校是从提高学生成绩的角度设计自己的发展规划方案。弗罗斯特等人(2000,引自Busher,2002年,P281),认为这是考虑目前的情况为出发点,认为“规划周期”是非常重要的。经这样做的话,他们移动到设定的目标(霍普金斯和Lagerweij1996年,P83)。在许多国家,如英国和威尔士,教育变革带来了以下变化:政府需要注重定义一个课程和检查方法,学校与其他学校的竞争(布什和科尔曼,2000年,第资源,人员和形式。7)。一个SDP是世界各地的几乎所有教育政策的一部分。在国家层面上,国家有责任为所有人提供教育,并根据定义的标准来监测教育体系。教育部门则根据地区负责一些学校。在英国(UK),这是通过办事处教育标准(OFSTED)完成。除了外部检查,每所学校应该对自己的内部进行相关审计。
School development is owned by teaching staff
Introduction
The extent to which the school development plan is owned by the teaching staff in School X: an evaluation of the process.The term ‘development planning’ was introduced officially in schools in 1991. Past forms of planning were not published for the personal use of the staff and perhaps it lacked from organisational techniques. Constable (1994, p93) argues that teachers feel the need to be involved in the school development planning process and to have a copy of the document itself for personal use. A school development plan (SDP) serves as a tool for the school to: evaluate its present position; become aware of its challenges; identify methods to deal with them; make the necessary changes for school improvement; and help to evaluate the school’s success (Hargreaves and Hopkins, 1991, p4).
Most successful schools design their development planning programme with a vision of improving pupils’ achievement. Frost et al (2000, cited in Busher, 2002, p281), argues that it is very important to consider an evaluation of the present situation as the starting point for a “planning cycle”. Having done this then they move to set the targets (Hopkins and Lagerweij 1996, p83).In many countries like England and Wales,
Educational change has brought the following changes: government takes care of defining a curriculum and inspection methods, and schools deal with resources, staff and form of competitions with other schools (Bush and Coleman, 2000, p.7). An SDP makes part of almost all educational policies around the world. On a national level, a State is responsible to provide education for all and to monitor the education system according to the defined standards. Educational authorities are then in charge of a number of schools normally based on districts. In the United Kingdom (UK) this is done through the Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED). Every school besides the external inspection should own an internal audit.
The Education Act 1998 (21) in Ireland states that a board is responsible for the “arrangements for the preparation of a plan (school plan) and shall ensure that the plan is regularly reviewed and updated” (cited in McNamara et al, 2002, p201). The Maltese Education Reform Act, CAP. 327(7), implies that the State has the responsibility to design a National Minimum Curriculum (NMC). The propositions presented in the NMC are then institutionalised through an SDP. The Directorate for Quality and Standards in Education is responsible to support schools in providing
guidelines for SDP implementation. Recently, the Maltese government founded an external review committee to monitor the standards of education. One of the things
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