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多年来，埃及一直正实施一些长期改革来增加国家的竞争力吸引国外的直接投资。要清楚成功主要依靠教育和人口的技能。埃及政府已经着手开展一些列的改革活动目的是提高高等教育运营。显著的降低了文盲的现象，提高了教育参与率。曾经被认为是世界上最古老的大学爱资哈尔大学建立后，埃及就有了历史悠久的高等教育，要回溯到公元969年。高等教育是在1960年开始扩张的，随着大学分校逐渐在这个国家建立，继而在1970年，成为新兴的独立大学。

世界银行评论小组称赞埃及的伟大努力。筹资拓展教育参与人员，得到整个埃及的赞同。然而在几个区域需要实质性的改革，采纳的方法主要是进行流程上的改变。更有关注于架构改革，改变机构文化，增加制度范围，为实现国家目标做出贡献。教育部的部长开始重点发展和改变高等教育，目的是能够应对国家发展要求，面对全球化的内在挑战，改进知识与科技。面对社会的内在问题和寻求发展的抱负。

1.1Theme And Formulation Of The Problem Education essay

For some years now Egypt has been undertaking far-reaching reforms for increasing the competitiveness of the country and making it attractive for foreign direct investment. Aware of that success depends largely on the education and skills of the population.The Government of Egypt already has embarked on a range of reform initiatives to improve higher education operations and has made a significant progress in reducing illiteracy and increasing rates of educational participation.Higher education in Egypt has a long history which dates back to 969 AD, after the building of the Al-Azhar mosque which is considered to be the oldest operating university in the world.A process of higher education expansion began in the 1960s, through the establishment of university branches across the country, subsequently emerging as independent universities in the 1970s.

The OECD/World Bank review panel commends on Egypt’s considerable efforts and expenditures have been made to expand educational participation and attainment throughout Egypt. However, in several areas where substantive reform is required, the approach being adopted focuses mainly on procedural change. A greater attention needs to be given to structural reform, changing the institutional culture and increasing the capacity of the system to contribute to the realisation of national goals (OECD and the International Bank Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, 2010).

The Ministry of Higher Education (MHOE) started focusing on the development and change of higher education in order to be able to deal with the national improvement requirements and to face the external challenges of globalization and the advancement of knowledge and technology and the internal challenges of social issues and aspirations for development.

These significant developments and trends are raising issues about the direction and functioning of the higher education system in Egypt. In this chapter some of the trends and issues that are creating the need for change including globalization and the social trends in Egypt will be outlined.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Higher Education in Egypt in general and the Private Universities (PU’s) in particular is facing dramatic changes as it struggles to meet the requirements of the current century. These circumstances require the higher education to adopt a new management approach that will enable it to deal with these challenges and pressures. Accordingly the overall aim of this research is to explore the use of TQM as the means to improve the higher education in general with respect to private universities.

This thesis is presented to reflect the researcher thinking about the concept of Change Management in Higher Education development with regards to Total Quality management (TQM).