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我们要感谢L. Hordijk，A先生的夫人krasenbrink，M.温宁，A先生佩路加，C.帕纳约蒂斯H.梅耶先生，先生，女士A. Pridmore和MS G.马尔赫恩征求他们对本报告的意见和建议。我们也感谢mrj.p.maling雷欧对他的鼓励。最后，我们感谢所有那些谁帮助进行这本参考报告总结的研究活动的人。We would like to thank Mr L. Hordijk, Mr A. Krasenbrink, Mrs M. Wenning, Mr A. Perujo, Mr C. Panayotis,Mr H. Meijer, Ms A. Pridmore and Ms G. Mulhern for their comments and suggestions for this https://www.51lunwen.org/electricalengineering/ Report. OurthanksalsogotoMrJ.P.Malingreauforhisencouragement.Finally,wearegratefultoallthosewhohelpedto carry out the research activities which are summarised in this Reference Report.

Executive summary经营综合报告

近年来公众对海洋运输的环境影响越来越关注。这是因为海运是第五大贡献的空气污染和碳排放，和贸易的增长速度使问题更为紧迫的原因。In recent years public concerns regarding the envi-ronmental impacts of maritime transport have in-creased. This is because maritime transport is thefifth largest contributor to air pollution and carbonemissions, and the growth rate of trade makes theproblem even more pressing. However, consider-able environmental improvements are obtainableby changing shipping practices. The internationalregulatory framework that governs the sectormakesitcomplextodesignpolicystrategytoabateair emissions, such as greenhouse gases (GHGs),from international maritime transport.Thecurrentpolicyactionsdealingwithairemissionsrelate mainly to the quality of fuel used and tothe technological options available. Market-based instruments such as emissions tradingare being discussed at international level withinthe International Maritime Organization (IMO).Furthermore,theinclusionofthemaritimetransportsector within the EU Emission Trading Scheme is onthe EU strategy to address GHGs. The complexityof air pollution and climate change policies for theinternational maritime transport sector calls fora wide range of considerations to be taken intoaccount requiring policymakers: 1) to set bindinglong-term emission reduction goals, 2) to takeaction in a flexible manner, 3) to ensure knowledgeand technology sharing of innovative practices, and4) transparency, administrative feasibility.The following Reference Report summarises thekey findings of several years’ research activity andprovides a reference framework for analytical toolsdesigned to support the regulation of air emissionsfrom ships. It outlines the ‘state of the art’ with re-gardtothemainmethodologicalaspectsofdesign-ing policy measures to regulate air emissions frommaritimetransport,namelyidentificationoftheim-pacts, estimation of emissions, and identificationand selection of technological and policy optionsto abate air emissions from ships. The ultimate aimof this Report is to provide analytical tools to helpdefineapolicystrategyforregulatingairemissionsfrom ships, by providing various insights into howto best design and apply efficient and equitablepolicy instruments.Reducing the impacts of maritime transport on theenvironment is a challenging task, since these im-pacts are not only due to navigation but also to theactivities carried out in ports. Chapter 1 analysesthe main links between environmental impacts andactivities/events of the maritime transport sector.The analysis suggests that air emissions from themaritime transport sector account for a significantportion of total emissions, affecting air quality andcontributing to climate change and human healthproblems. In addition, the existing trend suggeststhat the situation will worsen in the future. CO2emissi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。