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Chapter One   Introduction  

This  beginning  chapter  will  make  a  succinct  introduction  to  the  present  study  in terms of its practical and academic conditions, its objective and methodology, so as to reveal its importance and necessity, rationality and feasibility.  

1.1 Practical and Academic Backgrounds of the Study  
Along  with  the  rapid  growth  of  sci-tech  or  science  and  technology  in  the contemporary  age,  the  translation  of  sci-tech  texts  from  English  to  Chinese  and  the EFL writing of sci-tech texts is flourishing and is nevertheless in urgent need of more knowledge  about  the  differences  between  English  and  Chinese  sci-tech  texts  in different aspects including in the use of passive constructions. Following  the  increase  of  international  interchanges,  contemporary  China  has undergone  enormous  changes  and  has  made great  progress  in  the  political,  economic, cultural and scientific and technical areas. The sci-tech texts play a crucial role in the introduction  of  advanced  science  and  technology.  The  characteristics  of  sci-tech  texts include objectivity, accuracy, logic and formality. Passive constructions are preferred in the texts as they meet the requirements of sci-tech texts. According to the frequency of the occurrence of passive voice in texts of different genres, it is found that the order of text types with the highest to the lowest is texts on science, news, arts, sports, speech, novels,  advertising,  and  play.  Allowing  for  certain  inaccuracy  in  the  classification  of text types, the highest is found to occur with sci-tech texts. Sci-tech texts refer to the written or spoken materials on science and technology, including  scientific  papers,  lab  report,  the  language  of  talks  and  conversations  on scientific  or  technical  problems  and  the  like.  Only  written  materials  are  concerned  in this  thesis.  Scientific  American  is  a  famous  and  popular  scientific  and  technology magazine  and  is  the  oldest  continuously  published  magazine  in  the  United  States. Many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein, have contributed articles to it in the past  170  years.  Its  original  simplified  Chinese  counterpart,  Kexue  (科学 in  Chinese), was launched in 1979 as the first Western science magazine published in China. It was firstly located in Chongqing, transferred to Beijing in 2001, shut down due to financial problems at the end of 2005, and was replaced by its present form of Huan Qiu Ke Xue (环球科学 in  Chinese)  in  2006.  Today,  Scientific  American  is  published  aoround  the globe  in  18  foreign-languages,  such &n本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。