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ted since last century. By roughly estimating, there are 1 to  1.5  billion  L2  speakers  in  the  world  (Crystal,  2003).  The  number  of  L2  speakers increases steadily every year compared with the relative stable population of English native speakers, approximately 360 to 400 million (Crystal, 2006; Rubdy, & Saraceni, 2006).  English  as  a  global  language  has  been  acknowledged  and  brings  the convenience  for  global  communication;  the  accented  Englishes  spoken  by  L2 speakers are used in more and more international communication.   The increasing of English L2 users indicates that the English varieties should be considered  as  normal  without  bias.  However,  the  reality  is  that  people  still  hold prejudice  toward  foreign  accents  that  are  considered  having  outstanding characteristics. 
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Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1  Definition of interlanguage 
According  to  Selinker（1972），when  second-language  learners  are  learning  a foreign language, during the process, a type of speech or writing with characteristics of both native and foreign languages will be developed. Language in this form is often referred to as interlanguage. It is a normal phenomenon for language learners or users. Normally, it is a everlasting state during the process of foreign language using. Since individuals  have  different  language  backgrounds  and  proficiency,  every second-language  user  have  their  specific  interlanguage  of  a  certain  target  language. Thus,  non-native  speakers  of  English  are  using  a  specific  interlanguage  to communicate with each other. The mutual intelligibility among non-native speakers of English  may  be  influenced  by  multiple  factors,  such  as  language  background, language proficiency, and familiarity for certain accents. 
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2.2  Researches on interlanguage phonetics and phonology 
Contrastive analysis (Lado,1957）has been mainly employed in early research of interlanguage phonetics and phonology. At early stage, studies focusing on finding out the  differences  between  the  sound  systems  of  first  language  and  target  language. Second-language  learners  were  encouraged  to  imitate  target  language  as  perfect  as possible. Corder (1967) and Selinker (1972) first raised that interlanguage has its own sound system that is different from either first language or target language. Eckman’s (1977)  inspiring  work  introduced  that,  except  for  native  language  transfer,  linguistic universals  such  as  markedness  are  important  factors  facilitating  the  formation  of  an interlanguage  system.  Since  then,  there  has &nb本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。