摘要:本文是英语毕业论文,本研究总结了《格林童话》中概括性名词的分布状况以及《格林童话》中概括性名词的特点,并举例说明。希望从概括性名词这一角度的《格林童话》的研究,能够帮助到童话翻译、赏析和研究,并且受益于童话的使用者。
ightenment are provided for these translators abouthow to focus on their style or manner of writing to interest and satisfy foreign readersthrough this study.
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Chapter Two Literature Review
2.1 Lexical Cohesion
Lexical cohesion, as an important part of cohesion, is a research emphasis thatmust be considered when scholars analyze discourses from the respective oflinguistics. Lexical cohesion was introduced by Halliday and Hasan(1976: 274) forthe first place, and according to them, lexical cohesion is “the cohesive effectachieved by the selection of vocabulary” and “Lexical cohesion is set up through thestructure of the LEXIS, or vocabulary and hence(like substitution) at thelexicogrammatical level”(Halliday & Hasan, 1976: 274).They think “Discourse does not wander at random from one topic to another butruns on reasonably systematic lines with a certain consistency of topic andpredictability of development”( Halliday & Hasan, 1976: 288).They think that lexical cohesion acts as a type of cohesion. It makes a lot ofcontributions to the understanding of text achieved by continuous use of lexicalmeaning that is created by particular groups of related words and expressions thatrun in a discourse. Among all the cohesive devices, lexical cohesion plays the mostdominate part. Lexical cohesion is not only the easiest cohesive device to identify,but also it is the most frequent one to be used.Lexical cohesion is realized through the related lexical items that appear acrossparagraphs and sentence boundaries in written contexts. And in spoken texts, theyshow up across act, move and turn boundaries. And lexical items are a major figure ofdiscourse with coherent ties. The two kinds of relations between vocabulary items thatare used in texts are called by Halliday and Hasan (1976: 318) as: reiteration andcollocation. Winter (1977) argues that the basic function that lexical cohesion acts isto repeat. Phillips (1985, 1989) aims to find out lexical cohesive relations with longdistance.
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2.2 General Nouns
According to Hallidy and Hasan, general nouns mainly refer to “a small set ofnouns having generalized
Reference within the major noun classes, those such as‘human noun’, ‘place noun’, ‘fact noun’ and the like”(Halliday & Hasan, 1976: 274).Examples are people, person, man, woman (human); thing, object (inanimateconcrete); business, affair, matter (inanimate
Abstract); move (action); place (place)and so on. The long-term studies by scholars from different periods proved thatgeneral nouns are very commonly adopted as a type of cohesive force, though theyare restricted in amount. In the second place, it is supposed to be known that generalnouns are only able to be interpreted through the linguistic written or spoken contexts.That is to say, general nouns are fairly general in their meanings, and as a sequence,they can only be explained through referring to some other terms or other elementsrather than themselves. In addition, general nouns are not only able to link thediscourse semantically, but also substantiate the attitude and mood of the writers orspeakers.Since general noun was firstly put forward by Halliday and Hasan(1976), it hasbeen labeled in a variety of ways by different scholars: type 3 vocabulary (Winter,1977), advance labels (Tadros, 1985), anaphoric nouns (Francis, 1986), carrier nouns(Ivanic, 1991), enumerative nouns (Hinkel, 2001; Tadros, 1994),
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