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Abstract：Nathanial Hawthorne is an extremely renowned American writer of fiction. He not only has created quiet a few classic novels, but also has written quantities of thought-provoking short stories. Until now, Hawthorne and his works have been the focus of discussion from the Chinese and foreign scholars. The theme of The Scarlet Letter is characterized by multiplicity and various conclusions are dram in the filed of the thematic studies. It seems that scholars have shown major concern wit本论文由英语论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供h such diathesis as the original sin, the moral consciousness of Hawthorne, religious belief, individual and society, thoughts of female doctrine and the conflict between the head and the heart. However, very few scholars have ever done a thorough research into the loneliness diathesis of the novel. These detailed analyses four characters’ loneliness and express the aspects of loneliness in The Scarlet Letter.

Key Words：The Scarlet Letter; loneliness; symbol
 
摘　要：纳撒尼尔．霍桑是美国非常著名的小说家。 他不仅创造了若干部经典的长篇小说,而且还书写了数量可观且耐人寻味的短篇小说.至今为止，霍桑和他的作品一直是中外学者讨论的对象。《红字》是霍桑的代表作品，它的主题具有多样性的特点，因此在主题研究领域存在各种不同的结论。大部分学者偏重于探讨小说中的原罪意识、霍桑的道德观念、宗教信仰和女性主义思想、个人与社会的关系以及大脑和心灵之间的冲突等因素, 而对小说中孤独因素本论文由英语论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供的深入研究并不多见。 本文分析小说中的四位主人公各自的孤独感，表达霍桑在小说《红字》中体现的孤独因素。

Introduction

The Scarlet Letter was declared a classic almost immediately after its publication in 1850, and it has stayed in print and in favor ever since, it has been hailed both as the first symbolic novel and as the first psychological novel. But what really secures the place of The Scarlet Letter in the literary history is its treatment of human nature, sin, guilt, and pride-all timeless, universal themes-from a uniquely American point of view. There are many different comments and criticism and on the writer’s family background, the novel multiple themes and writing styles, the novel’s social and historical backdrops together with the novel’s significance in society and lit本论文由英语论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供erature. This article has done a thorough research into the aspects of loneliness in the novel. The thesis is to elaborate four characters’ loneliness: Hester, Chillingworth, Dimmesdale and little Pearl. They are having different loneliness. Hester is a lonely pursuer for love; Chilingworth is a lonely revenge-seeker; Dimmesdale is a lonely beggar for god’s grace; Pearl is a lonely child asking for recognition. There are many symbolic representations in The Scarlet Letter. Such as names, appearances of the characters, some special events and actions, these can symbolize loneliness.

I. A Brief Information about Hawthorne and The Scarlet Letter.

A. A Brief Introduction about Hawthorne
Hawthorne was born on the fourth of July, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. Some of his ancestors were big shots in seventeenth-century New England, which was under the control of Puritanism. One of them was a colonial m本论文由英语论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供agistrate; notorious for his participation in the persecution of Quakers, and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trail in 1692. Gradually, the family fortune declined. Hawthorne’s father was a sea captain, who died in an accident and left his mother and him behind to struggle to live for themselves. Nathaniel Hawthorne is an extremely renowned American writer of fiction. Herman Melville even hails him as the “American Shakespeare”. He is the first American writer to define his works as romance; his romantic writ本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。