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had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.” “Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.”(Hemingway, 2001:02). These two kinds of hostile strengths express Santiago is a persistence and courage character person.本论文由英语论文网 www.51lunwen.org整理提供 This kind of confrontation makes the reader produce new expectation to the person, also behaving the activity of thing to launch vast mental space and environment space. In addition, failure and bad luck are permanent in other people's eyes, but to old man do not result in what influence. He still believes he will also have good luck. He can also lend experience and deep technique to catch to a real heavy rain.
Manolin's parents decide that "the old man was now and definitely salao, which is the worst form of unlucky" (Hemingway,2001:01). This sentence proclaims one of the novel's themes, the heroic struggle against unchangeable fate. Indeed, the entire first paragraph emphasizes Santiago's apparent lack of success. For example, "It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty." And most powerfully, "The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat" (Hemingway,2001:01). This type of descriptive degradation of Santiago continues with details of his old, worn body. Even his scars, legacies of past successes, are "old as erosions in a fishless desert" (Hemingway, 2001:02). All this changes suddenly, though, when Hemingway says masterfully, "Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated" (Hemingway,2001:02). This draws attention to a dichotomy between two different types of success: outer, material success and inner, spiritual success. While Santiago clearly lacks the former, the import of this lack is eclipsed by his possession of the later. This triumph of indefatigable spirit over exhaustible material resources is another important theme of the novel. Also, Santiago's eye color foreshadows Hemingway's increasingly explicit likening of Santiago to the sea, suggesting an analogy between Santiago's indomitable spirit and the sea's boundless strength.

b. Talking with manolin
“I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man says, “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.”（Hemingway, 2001:16）. “The old man's tone is heroic and self-confident, he knows the bad situation of own physical strength, but he believes very again oneself care the advantage of ambition and experience”(刑嘉锋，1999年03期). Let us know mankind first at the conflict in the nature is the destiny that can't本论文由英语论文网 www.51lunwen.org整理提供 succeed in escaping failure of, but the failure is of no account, important is we have to have confidence, dignity, and courage, develop own spirit to the extreme limit, know our real ability. Hemingway complicates the matter further by identifying Santiago with turtles, those creatures which blindly， literally devour the feminine man-of-war. The main significance of this identification, however, is Santiago's likeness to the sea and the various creatures which inhabit it is living waters. About the turtles, Santiago says "Most people are heartless about turtles because a turtle's heart will beat for hours after he has been cut up and butchered. But the old man thought, I h