I. Introduction
A. About the writer
Hemingway, Ernest (1899-1961), one of the most famous American novelist, short-story writer and essayist, was the winner of the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature. Still a teenager, Hemingway volunteered for war work and was wounded on the Italian front in 1918, the basis for his first major book A Farewell to Arms (1929). His fascination with grace under pressure was explored in his writing on bullfighting, Death in the Afternoon (1932), and he returned to Spain in 1937 to cover the Spanish civil war, and he distilled the本
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英语论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供 experience in his greatest novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). In World War II he was a thrusting war correspondent with US forces in Europe. After the war he summarized his philosophy with marvellous economy in The Old Man and the Sea (1952). Repeated accidents and alcoholism sapped his vitality and he shot himself in 1961. Hemingway's writing career began in high school and continued until his death in 1961, Several of his works were published posthumously, and he had been an international literary celebrity for more than a quarter of a century.
B. About the book
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) ends came round to of the Hemingway’s writing career. With vivid characterization, simple language, and profoundly implicating meaning, The Old Man and the Sea earned its author the Pulitzer Prize in fiction for 1952, and it helped him to win Nobel Prize for Literature two years later.
The Old Man and the Sea is a tragic adventure story. Sustained by the pride of his calling, the only pride he has left, a broken old fisherman ventures far out into the Gulf Stream and there hooks the biggest marlin ever seen in those waters. Then, alone and exhausted by his struggle to harpoon the giant fish, he is forced into 本
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英语论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供a losing battle with marauding sharks; they leave him nothing but the skeleton of his catch.
In The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway further explores the masculine theme of man renting challenges and struggling alone, manifesting extreme determination and fortitude in the face of certain defeat, and living with "grace under pressure”.(殷雪迎, 95年04期)The portrayal of the old fisherman Santiago reflectes the qualities and values that the author admired most: courage, dignity and the power to endure. Stylistically, The Old Man and the Sea is written in simple sentence structure.
II. The Persistence and Courage of Santiago
A.Before out of the sea
a. The image of Santiago
Santiago is an old fisherman, for eighty four days old Santiago has not caught a single fish. At first a young boy, Manolin, has shared his bad fortune, but after the fortieth luckless day the boy's father tells his son to go in another boat. From that time on Santiago works alone. Each morning he rows his skiff out into the Gulf Stream where the big fish is. Each evening he comes in empty-handed. The years has ran off to leave deep trace on his body. He is old but not decrepitude, his appeasement and the vibrant heart become fresh and clear contrast. Hemingway describes his image appearance and the eyes, expressing an old man outward appearance of old with inside of strength. “The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands
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