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作为维多利亚时期一位杰出女作家，乔治∙艾略特是一个矛盾体。精神上非凡的独立性和情感上对男性的极度依赖在她身上同时彰显。这样一位女性作家，不管是在现实中还是在其作品中，一直关注着普通女性的命运和生存状态。因此，长久以来，乔治∙艾略特及其作品中的女主人公形象一直是女性主义文学批评所关注的焦点。或许是因为乔治∙艾略特的人生轨迹和其作品中女性人物命运之间的强烈反差，众多女性主义批评家把艾略特作为一个难以界定其身份的麻烦人物。这篇文章将从女性主义角度出发，以艾略特三部代表作《亚当比德》、《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》和《米德尔马契》为研究文本，深入剖析乔治∙艾略特作品中女性人物的命运模式和生存状态。
母亲角色的缺失或边缘化是维多利亚时期小说常见的一大鲜明特色。乔治∙艾略特作品中的很多女性便拥有这种特点。缺乏来自母亲的关爱和保护，小说中的这些女孩子不得不度过一个相对孤单和不幸的童年，这种经历必定会影响他们的心理状态和人生经历。除此之外，母亲角色的缺失和边缘化或许还有其象征意思：相对于强大的男性霸权，女性的权利总体来说会由于母亲角色的缺失和边缘化而被遮掩或削弱。乔治∙艾略特作品的另一特色是它们通常包含一组对比明显的女性人物：海蒂和汀娜、泰莎和罗慕拉、罗莎蒙德和多萝契亚，它们都分别对应虚荣肤浅和诚挚深刻这一文学范式，麦琪和罗西也不过是这一范式的复杂化版本。这种模式是西方文学传统中盛行的荡妇与圣女形象的又一范例，还是像某些学者认为的，是乔治∙艾略特所采用的颠覆性工具？然而，不管这些女性人物对应哪种文学女性形象，她们中的大多数却拥有相似的命运模式：希望 – 阻碍- 反抗- 妥协- 放弃或失败- 婚姻或毁灭。本文接着将会研究两种不同类型的女性人物与她们的命运结局之间的关系，认为虽然有某些特例，乔治∙艾略特遵循着特定的模式处理其作品中不同类型女性人物的命运结局。这个特定模式即为：圣女-婚姻；疯女人-毁灭。乔治∙艾略特作品中的女性人物大都还具有另外一种特征，即相之于男性，她们常常被赋予了一种较高的道德意识。道德感和她们难以摆脱的命运模式使这些女性常常不得不放弃自己的梦想而处于痛苦之中。放弃和痛苦可以说是她们生活的常态，但在某种程度上也是她们力量的源泉。不论主动或被动，这些女性人物往往以拯救者的姿态把自己放置在十字架上，承受痛苦成了她们拯救这个堕落的世界以及她们的男性同伴的一种方式。

关键词：角色缺失或边缘化；命运模式；拯救

Women on the Cross:

As a woman writer who concerns ordinary women’s lot both in reality and in her works, and also as a woman of remarkable intellectual independence and intense emotional dependence upon a man, George Eliot and her heroines have long been the focus of feminist literary criticism. Partly because of the sharp contrast between her real achievements and the fate of her heroines, George Eliot has always been a troubling figure to feminist critics. This paper will focus on women’s fate pattern and living state in Eliot’s three best known novels: Adam Bede (AB), The Mill on the Floss (MF) and Middlemarch (MM).
Maternal loss or marginalization, as one of the conventions prevailing in Victorian novels, features most of George Eliot’s heroines. Lacking in maternal care and protection, these girls have to experience a comparatively unhappy and lonely childhood, which is bound to affect their future development. Besides its influence on the heroines, maternal loss or marginalization may have its symbolic significance: compared with the overwhelming male hegemony, because of maternal loss and marginalization, women’s power, in general, has been effaced or undercut. Another feature of almost all George Eliot’s novels is that they contain pairs of contrasting women: Hetty and Dinah, Tessa and Romola, Rosamond and Dorothea, all correspond directly to the vain/soulful paradigm; Maggie and Lucy are rather more complex variation on it. Is it another example of the harlot/Madonna contrast which has persisted throughout the tradition of western literature since the advent of Christianity or a subversive tool employed by their author? However, no matter what kind of image the female protagonists stand for, most of them observe the same kind of lot pattern: Hope→ Obstacle→ Rebellion→ Compromise→ Renouncement or Failure → Marriage or Death. In this thesis, further research will be made to detect the inner relationship between two pairs of contrasting women and their fate pattern. In the majority of George Eliot’s canon, most female protagonists are endowed with a superior moral consciousness which, plus their ineludible lot pattern, as will be argued in the paper, inevitably, leads to their sufferings and renunciations. In fact, su本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。