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Introduction
Reproduction is a natural human function. People must give birth to children and bring them up in order for the mankind to exist. Unfortunately, some families are not able to have children. Despite great medical progress not all the problems of infertility can be resolved and some women are still not able to have babies of their own. In such cases they can turn to surrogacy as the way out.
“The term surrogacy generally refers to the practice of hiring a fertile woman who agrees to become impregnated, usually through donor insemination, and agrees ahead of time to transfer the child to the infant’s biological father and his wife, according to terms of a contract signed before the woman becomes pregnant.” (Mady) A woman who carries a surrogate baby is called a surrogate mother. A surrogate can be a friend, a volunteer or compensated. There are two types of surrogacies. They are defined as traditional and gestational ones. Traditional surrogacy occurs when surrogate mother becomes pregnant when her own eggs are fertilized by the sperm of the intended father. This can be done with the help of intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this case formally the child is born from his biological father and surrogate mother. In the case of gestational surrogacy the embryo of the future child is produced from the combination of the eggs of the intended mother and the sperm of the intended father. The child born through the gestational surrogacy posses a combination of genes of his intended mother and father.
Till recent time traditional surrogacy was the only possible alternative for the infertile couples. Gestational surrogacy is implied since comparatively recent time. It’s more complex and expensive but it managed to resolve the problem, which existed in the case of traditional surrogacy. Now infertile parents can have a child which is completely theirs genetically.
The Arguments of Proponents and Opponents of the Surrogacy
The problem of surrogacy provokes a lot of loud disputes in the society. It posts a lot of moral, ethical and legal questions, which are not yet resolved.
Surrogacy opponents are concerned with the rights of the surrogate mothers. They state that surrogates should have the right not to give child to the intended parents if she changes her mind during the process of the pregnancy. They speak about exploitation of the surrogate and getting profit of the unawareness of poor surrogates about their rights.
They also state that people, who choose surrogacy are driven by their selfishness. There are many children who will never know love of parents in the orphanages but some couples choose unnatural way to have a baby using a surrogate. They want to be genetically linked to their child to be sure the child is exactly “theirs” continuation.
Advocates of surrogate stand against the governmental interference within the process of surrogacy. They state that the government can not prohibit the infertile couples to have genetically theirs child if there is woman who is ready to assist them. They argue that prohibitions can not stop the surrogacy completely and that it will still exist illegally. In this case both, intended parents and surrogate mothers, will be put in more danger and will have no opportunities to protect their rights.
They insist that the surrogacy is a completely free choice of the surrogate mothers and they also get com本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。