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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:议论文 Argument Essay登出时间:2014-12-04编辑:Cinderella点击率:10900
论文字数:4753论文编号:org201412031607453006语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:cultureHong Kongcultural difference文化差异
摘要:香港被视作亚洲的世界城,进入中国的关卡;它也是世界市场中重要的集合地。在过去的两个世纪当中,香港经济的国内生产总值翻了三倍。但最令香港引人注目的,还属其东西方文化交融的特殊环境。本文采用案例分析的方法,试图探讨东西方文化的不同,以及二者交融对政治、商业世界的影响。
Defining leadership has been tough. Over time being, many scholars advocate different kinds of theories of leadership, this essay will focus on 3 major influencing leadership styles i.e. the paternalistic, transactional leadership and transformational styles which also will be co-referenced later in the essay.
家长式领导——Paternalistic leadership
Paternalistic leadership is characterized by revealing fatherly benevolence and authoritarianism with moral integrity in a 'personalistic' atmosphere, also it can be defined as an approach that is based, rationally or irrationally, on the hypothesis of leader “knowing how” better than the followers and what is good for the organization, or even the followers him/herself. In short the paternalistic leadership can be also summarized that leaders prevail strong discipline, use of work-centered behavior coupled with protective employee centered concern. However no matter East or West approach, in somehow, the truth is that most leaders sometimes act in a paternalistic way, and make decisions with assumption that he/she knows the best so that he/she can makes decision on behalf of their followers, since it a also a fact that a leader sometimes grasps more information and resources than the followers may lack. This style of leadership also reflects the way fathers treat their children, deciding what is best for them. The style is autocratic like above - there is no discussion with the employees - but the decisions made are generally considered to have the employees' best interests at heart, and the employer may give some explanation of how they were taken. Owing to the differences of culture, the eastern Chinese societies utilize more paternalistic leadership than the West, which based on the tradition of Chinese culture and family system. Therefore, it may be considered as an eastern cultural leadership type.
Unlike paternalistic style, transactional leader works by creating clear and apparent guidelines which are required for their subordinates or the followers, and the rewards/punishment that they get or not get for following orders. For power is always given to perform certain tasks and reward or punish for the team's performance in the transactional leader (Burns, 1978). Therefore, subordinates must capitulate themselves to the authority of their manager or leader when people have agreed to do a job. Altho本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。